ë¶ì ë ìêž°ìê² êŒ íìí ‘ìëª ì€’ë¡ ì¬ê²šì§ëë€. íì§ë§ ê³Œì° ê·žëŽê¹ì? ìŽ êžì ë¶ì ì ìì¬ë¥Œ ëìë³Žê³ , íë ë¶ì ì ì±ë¶ê³Œ ìšê²šì§ ë Œëì ê¹ìŽ ìê² ë€ë£¹ëë€. ì°ëЬë ë¶ì ê° ìêž°ìê² ‘ìëª ì€’ìžì§, ìë멎 ëìŽëŽìŒ í ‘ì©ì ëì쀒ìžì§ íšê» ìê°íŽë³Œ ê²ì ëë€.
ìŽ ì¬ìžµ ë¶ìì íµíŽ ìêž° 걎ê°ê³Œ êŽë šë ì€ìí ê²°ì ì ëŽëЬë ë° ëììŽ ëꞰ륌 ë°ëëë€.
ìžê³ ìµìŽ ë¶ì ì íì곌 19ìžêž° ëì í겜
1867ë , ë ìŒ ííì ì ì€í¬ì€ í° ëŠ¬ë¹íë **âLiebig’s Perfect Infant Foodâ**륌 ê°ë°íìµëë€. ìŽê²ìŽ ìžê³ ìµìŽ ìì ì© ë¶ì ì ìììŽì£ . ì²ìì ë°ê°ë£š, ì°ì , ë§¥ìê°ë£š, íì°ììì¹Œë¥šìŽ ì£Œì±ë¶ìŽììµëë€. ë¹ììë 몚ì 륌 볎충íë ììììŒë¡ ëììµëë€.
ìŽìŽì 1869ë , 믞êµìì ì ì¬í âLeibigâs Soluble Infant Foodâê° ë±ì¥íìµëë€. ëí, 1870ë ëìë ì€ìì€ ë€ì¬ë ê° **âNestléâs Infant Foodâ**륌 ì 볎ìì£ . ìŽë ‘ì°ì ì ì늬쌒ë§ìŒë¡ ë§ë ìµìŽì ‘ìì ìžê³µ ë¶ì ’ììµëë€. êŽë š ëŽì©ì [TIMEì§]ë [Contemporary Pediatrics íì ì§]ìì íìží ì ììµëë€.
1867ë ë¶ì ìë£ì 곌거 ëì í겜ì ì°šìŽ
1867ë , ë¶ì ì íµì¬ ìë£ë ‘ìì ’ìì ê°ë¥ì±ìŽ íœëë€. ë¹ìì ì ìš ìŽê· êž°ì ìŽ ë늬 ì°ìŽì§ ììêž° ë묞ì ëë€. ë£šìŽ íì€íŽë¥Žê° êž°ì ì ê°ë°íì§ë§, ì ì í ì ì©ì 1880ë ë ìŽíììµëë€. ë°ëŒì 늬ë¹í ë¶ì ì ì°ì ë ìì 륌 ê°ê³µí ííìì ê²ëë€.
19ìžêž° ë¶ì ì ìë£: ìì ì íì§ ë¶ì
ìŒë¶ êž°ë¡ìì íì§ ë¶ì ì¬ì©ìŽ ìžêžë©ëë€. ì§ë°©ì ë¶ëЬíê³ ë¶ë§íí ííìê² ì£ . íì¬ íêµì ìŽê· ëë ë©žê· ë ì°ì ë§ ì íµí©ëë€. íì§ë§ ì ëœê³Œ ë¯žêµ ìŒë¶ìì ìë¹ìì ì íê¶ ë³Žì¥ì ìíŽ ìì êµ¬ë§€ê° ê°ë¥í©ëë€. **[ìì ì íê¶ì ìì¬]**ìì ë ììží ë€ë£šê² ìµëë€.
19ìžêž° ëì í겜: íí ì€ìŒìŒë¡ë¶í°ì ìì
ë°ê°ë£šì ë§¥ìë ìŽë ìê¹ì? ë¹ì ‘ì êž°ë’ ê°ë ì ìììµëë€. ê·žëŒìë íëì íí ì€ìŒ ëì í겜곌ë ë¬ëìµëë€.
íí ëìœ: íëì ìž íí ëìœì ëë ì¬ì©ì 19ìžêž° íë°ë¶í° 20ìžêž°ì ê±žì³ ë³žê²©íëììµëë€. 1860ë ëì ìŒë¶ ìŽì¶©ì ê° ì°ìì§ë§, ì¬ì©ì ë§€ì° ì íì ìŽììµëë€. ë°ëŒì ë°ê°ë£šë ë§¥ìì í©ì± ëìœìŽ ëë ì¬ì©ë ê°ë¥ì±ì ê±°ì ììì£ .
íí ë¹ë£: íí ë¹ë£ë 19ìžêž° ìŽë¶í° ê°ë°ëììµëë€. 1860ë ë ë ìŒììë 칌륚 ë¹ë£ì ì°ì ìì°ìŽ ììëìµëë€. ê·žë¬ë ì§ì ë¹ë£ì ëë ìì°ì 20ìžêž° ìŽ íë²-ë³Žì¬ ê³µë² ìŽí ê°ë¥íŽì¡ìµëë€. ë¹ìì ì êž°ì§ ë¹ë£ì íšê» ìŒë¶ 묎Ʞ ë¹ë£ê° ì°ìì ì ììµëë€. íì§ë§ ì€ëë ê°ì ëê·ëªš ì€ìŒì ìëìì£ . ì€íë € íí ë¹ë£ì ìí ìŽ ë Œì ì€ìž ìêž°ììµëë€.
GMO ì묌: ì ì ì ë³í(GM) ì묌ì 20ìžêž° íë° DNA êž°ì ë°ì 곌 íšê» ê°ë°ëìµëë€. ì륌 ë€ìŽ, ìµìŽì GM ë°í 늬ìë 1973ë ì ê°ë°ëìì£ . 1867ë ìë GMO ì묌 ê°ë ìì²Žê° ìììµëë€.
ê²°ë¡ ì ìŒë¡, 늬ë¹í ë¶ì ì ìë£ìž ì°ì ë ìì 륌 ê°ê³µí ííìì ê²ëë€. ëí, ë°ê°ë£šì ë§¥ìë ì êž°ë ìžìŠì ìì§ë§, íë íí ëìœìŽë GMOì ìí¥ì ë°ì§ ìì 곡묌ìŽìì ê²ëë€. ë¹ì ëì ì íì¬ë³Žë€ íšì¬ ìì°ì ê°ê¹ì ìµëë€.
ë¯žêµ ë¶ì ì ë°ì 곌 ‘ìŽê°ê³µìí’ìŒë¡ì ì§í
19ìžêž° íë°ë¶í° 20ìžêž° ì€ë°ê¹ì§, ë¯žêµ ë¶ì ë í¬ê² ë³íìµëë€. 뚌ì 1853ë , ê²ìŒ 볎ë ì ìì¶ì°ì 륌 ê°ë°íìµëë€. ìŽë ì¥êž° ë³ŽêŽ ê°ë¥í ì°ì ì í ìì íì êž°ë°ì ë€ì¡ìµëë€. [Early Learning Nation ì¬ëš] ì°êµ¬ë¥Œ íµíŽ ìŽë¥Œ íìží ì ììµëë€.
1928ë ìë ìíë ë 볎ì€ìì€ê° ìë°ëœ(Similac)ì ì¶ìíìµëë€. ê·žëŠ¬ê³ 1959ë , Mead JohnsonìŽ Enfamilì ëŽëìŒë©° ìì¥ì ì늬 ì¡ììµëë€. ìŽ ê³Œì ì [As You Sow êž°ì ë³Žê³ ì] ë±ìì ììží ë€ë£¹ëë€.
ìŽêž° ë¶ì ì ì°ì í: ‘ìŽê°ê³µìí’ì ìì
ìíì ìë€ì 1940ë ëë¶í° 1960ë ëì ê±žì³ ë¶ì ê° ììíì ìŒë¡ í¬ê² ê°ì ëìë€ê³ 죌ì¥í©ëë€. í¹í, ì² ë¶ ê°í, ì ì²ëšë°± ê°í, ì§ë°© ë°°í©, ê·žëŠ¬ê³ íì ì ì í ííë¡ì ë°ì ìŽ ì£Œíšíìµëë€. ìŽë¬í ë³íë€ìŽ ìêž° 걎ê°ì ìŽë€ ìí¥ì 믞쳀ëì§ ììží ë¶ìíŽ ëŽ ìë€.
1853ë , ê²ìŒ 볎ë ì ìì¶ì°ì ê°ë°ì ì ì í ì°ì íì ì€ìí ì íì ìŽììµëë€. ìì¶ì°ì ê°ë°ì ê°ì¥ í° ìë¯žë ‘ë³Žì¡Žì± íì ’ì ëë€. 볎ë ì ì°ì ì ìë¶ì ì§ê³µ ìíìì ì ê±°íìµëë€. ìŽë¡ ìžíŽ ëì¥ ìì€ìŽ ìë ë¹ììë ì°ì 륌 ì¥êž°ê° 볎êŽíê³ ê³µêží ì ìììµëë€.
í¹í 믞êµê³Œ ê°ìŽ ìí ê° í° ëëŒììë ê·žëŠ¬ê³ ì ì ì€ êµ°ë ìëìŒë¡ ìì¶ì°ì ë ì€ìí ìí ì íŽììµëë€. íì§ë§ ìŽë¬í ‘êµ°ë ìë’ìŒë¡ìì ë¶ì ì, ìêž°ì ìëª ì ìŽìŽì£Œë ìëšìŒë¡ìì ë¶ì ë ê·ž ì¡Žì¬ ìŽì ë¶í° ë€ëŠ ëë€. ìŽ ì ì ìŽë µì§ ìê² ìŽíŽíì€ ì ìì ê²ì ëë€.
ê°ê³µìíì ììì ì ì곌 ë°ì í êŽë šìŽ ììµëë€. **[ì ì곌 ìí ì°ì ì êŽê³]**ìì ë ììží ì€ëª íê² ìµëë€. ìì¶ì°ì ë ìì ì ìì° ìí륌 ë²ìŽë ìžìì ìŒë¡ ê°ê³µë 첫 ëë ìì° ì ì í ì€ íëììµëë€. ê·žëŠ¬ê³ ìŽë ë¶ë§ ííì ë¶ì ê°ë°ì ìŽì§íìµëë€. ê¶ê·¹ì ìŒë¡ ìí ì°ì ì ë°ì ê°ê³µìíí륌 ê°ìííë êž°ë°ìŽ ëììµëë€.
ìì ê°íì íìì±: ìŽê°ê³µìíì 귞늌ì
ê²°êµ, ìŽê²ìŽ ë°ë¡ **’ìŽê°ê³µìíìŒë¡ì 묞’**ì íì§ ìŽììµëë€. ìì ë ì¡ìì§ìê² íìí ìì° ììë¶ì ì¶©ë¶í ì ê³µí©ëë€. ê·žë¬ë ê°ê³µ 곌ì ì ê±°ì¹ë©Žì ìì°ì ìž ì±ë¶ 구ì±ìŽ ë³íëê±°ë ìì€ë ì ììµëë€. ìì¶ì°ì ë í¹ì ììì ëëê° ëììµëë€. íì§ë§ ì ììê² ì§ì ëš¹ìŽë©Ž ë¹ íšëìŽ ë묎 ëê±°ë ë€ë¥ž ìììê° ë¶ì¡±í ì ììì£ .
ìŽë¬í 배겜 ììì ìì ê°íì íìì±ìŽ ëëëìµëë€. ëë ìì°ê³Œ ì¥êž° 볎êŽì ìíŽ ê°ê³µë ë¶ì ë 몚ì ë ìì ê° ì£Œë 몚ë 믞ë ìììì ì첎 íì± ë¬Œì§ì ëŽìëŽêž° ìŽë €ì ìµëë€. ë°ëŒì 20ìžêž° ì€ë°, í¹í 1950ë ë ìŽíë¶í°ë ìžê³µì ìž ìì 묌ì§(ì² ë¶, ë¹í믌, 믞ë€ë ë±)ì 첚ê°íì¬ ë¶ì ì ììíì ìì ì±ì 볎ê°íë ìëê° ë³žê²©íëììµëë€.
ì륌 ë€ìŽ, ìë°ëœ(Similac)ì 1959ë ì ì² ë¶ ê°í ë¶ì 륌 ì²ì ì¶ìíë©° ìì ë¹í 묞ì 륌 íŽê²°íë € íìµëë€.
ì¢ í©íì멎, ê²ìŒ 볎ë ì ìì¶ì°ì ê°ë°ì ‘ìŽê°ê³µìí’ìŽëŒë ì©ìŽê° ìêž°êž° íšì¬ ì ë¶í° ìíì ëë ìì° ë° ì íµì ì í©íëë¡ ê°ê³µíë ì€ìí ì°ì í ëšê³ë¥Œ ìŽììµëë€. ìŽë ê¶ê·¹ì ìŒë¡ ë¶ì ì ìžê³µì ìž ìì ê°í륌 íìë¡ íë ë°°ê²œìŽ ëìë€ê³ 볌 ì ììµëë€.
1959ë ìë°ëœ(Similac) ë¬Žêž°ì² ì² ë¶ ê°í ë¶ì ì íë 곌íì ì§ì€
1. 1959ë ìë°ëœ ì² ë¶ ê°í ë¶ì ì ì¬ì©ë ì² ë¶ íí
1959ë SimilacìŽ ì² ë¶ ê°í ë¶ì 륌 ì²ì ì¶ìíì ë, ì£Œë¡ ì¬ì©ë ì² ë¶ ííë **í©ì°ì ìŒì² (Ferrous Sulfate)**곌 ê°ì ë¬Žêž°ì² ìŽììµëë€. ë¹ì ì±ë¶í íìžì ìŽë µìµëë€. íì§ë§ 20ìžêž° ì€ë° ìŽí ìí ê°íì ê°ì¥ íí ì°ìž ì² ë¶ìŒìŽ ë°ë¡ í©ì°ì ìŒì² ìŽììµëë€.
í©ì°ì ìŒì² ì ë¹ì©ìŽ ë®ì ë늬 ì¬ì©ëììµëë€. íì§ë§ ë³ë¹ë ìì¥ ì¥ì ê°ì ìíêž° ë¶ížê°ì ì ë°í ì ìë ëšì ë ìììµëë€.
2. ë¹ì 곌í ìì€ ìŽíŽì ì€ëë ì êŽì
2-1. ë¹ì 곌í ìì€ì ìŽíŽ (1950ë ë)
1950ë ëìë ì² ë¶ì ì€ìì±ê³Œ ì² ë¶ ê²°íì± ë¹íì ì ìë €ì ž ìììµëë€. ê·žë¬ë ìë¬Œì± ì² ë¶(ë¹íŽì² )곌 ëë¬Œì± ì² ë¶(íŽì² )ì í¡ììš ì°šìŽì ëí ìŽíŽë ì€ëë ë³Žë€ íšì¬ ë¶ì¡±íìµëë€. ëí, ìêž°ì 믞ë°ë¬ë ìí ë° ëì¬ ìì€í ìŽ ìŽ ë ê°ì§ ì² ë¶ íí륌 ë€ë¥Žê² ì²ëЬíëì§ì ëí ê¹ì ìŽíŽë 믞í¡íìµëë€.
íŽì² 곌 ë¹íŽì² ì 구ë¶: íŽì² ì ì£Œë¡ ì¡ë¥, ìì ë± ëë¬Œì± ìíì íë¶íë©° í¡ììšìŽ ëìµëë€(15-35%). ë°ë©Ž, ë¹íŽì² ì 윩ë¥, ë ¹ì ìì±ì, 곡묌 ê°ì ìë¬Œì± ìíì 졎ì¬íë©° í¡ììšìŽ ë®ìµëë€(2-20%). ëì±ìŽ, ë¹íŽì² ì íŒížì°, íŽëЬíë, 칌ì ë± ë€ë¥ž ìí ì±ë¶ì ìíŽ í¡ìê° ë°©íŽë°ì ì ììµëë€. íŽì² 곌 ë¹íŽì² ì í¡ì ë©ì»€ëìŠ ì°šìŽë 20ìžêž° íë°ë¶í° ëª íí ê·ëª ëììµëë€.
ìì ëì¬ í¹ìì±: ìì, í¹í 믞ììë ì 첎ì€ìì ìí ìì€í ì ì±ìžê³Œ ë€ëŠ ëë€. ì² ë¶ í¡ìì ì¡°ì ë¥ë ¥ìŽ ë¯žìí í¹ì§ì 볎ì ëë€. ë¹ììë ìŽë¬í 믞ë¬í ì늬íì ì°šìŽë¡ ìží ë¹íŽì² ê³Œë€ ê³µêžì ì ì¬ì ìíì ëí ìžììŽ ë®ììµëë€. 결곌ì ìŒë¡ ‘ë§ìŽ ì£Œë ê²ìŽ ì¢ë€’ë ëšìí ìì ì ê·ŒìŽ ì§ë°°ì ìŽììµëë€.
2-2. ì€ëë ì ìµì ë Œë¬ž ë° ìë£ê° ë§íŽì£Œë ì§ì€
íì¬ ê³Œíì íŽì² 곌 ë¹íŽì² ì í¡ì ë©ì»€ëìŠì ë¬Œë¡ , ìììê² ë¯žì¹ë ìí¥ì íšì¬ ë ëª ííê² ìŽíŽíê³ ììµëë€.
ì² ë¶ í¡ìì ë³µì¡ì±: ìµì ì°êµ¬ì ë°ë¥Žë©Ž, ììì ì² ë¶ í¡ìë ëšìí ì² ë¶ ììë§ ì¢ì°ëì§ ììµëë€. ì² ë¶ íí, ë¹í믌 Cì ê°ì ë¹íŽì² í¡ì ìŽì§ ì±ë¶, ê·žëŠ¬ê³ ììì ì² ë¶ ìí ë± ë€ìí ììžì ìíŽ ë³µí©ì ìŒë¡ ì¡°ì ë©ëë€. í¹í, ììì ì¥ì ì±ìžë³Žë€ 믞ìíì¬ í¹ì ìììì í¡ìì ë°°ì€ ì¡°ì ë¥ë ¥ìŽ ì벜íì§ ìì ì ììµëë€.
ë¹íŽì² ê³Œë€ ê³µêžì ìíì±:
ì°í ì€ížë ì€: ë¹íŽì² ì 곌ëíê² ê³µêžë ê²œì° ì¥ëŽìì ì°í ì€ížë ì€ë¥Œ ì ë°í ì ììµëë€. ì² ë¶ì ê°ë ¥í ì°í ìŽì§ì ë¡ ìì©í ì ììµëë€. ë°ëŒì 곌ëí ë¹íŽì² ì ì¥ ìží¬ì ììì 죌거ë ì¥ëŽ ë¯žì묌ìŽì ë¶ê· íì ìŽëí ì ììµëë€ ([PMC], “Excess iron intake…”, 2017).
ë€ë¥ž 믞ë ìììì ìížìì©: 곌ëí ì² ë¶ì ìì°ìŽë 구늬ì ê°ì ë€ë¥ž íì 믞ë ììì í¡ì륌 ë°©íŽí ì ììµëë€. ìŽë ì±ì¥ ë° ë©Žì êž°ë¥ì ë¶ì ì ìž ìí¥ì ë¯žì¹ ì ììµëë€ ([PMC], 2017 ë Œë¬ž).
ì±ì¥ ë° ë°ë¬ ì íŽ ê°ë¥ì±: ìŒë¶ ì°êµ¬ììë ì² ë¶ ê²°íìŽ ìë ìììê² ê³Œëí 묎Ʞ묌 ì² ë¶ì ê³µêžíì ë ì±ì¥ ì§ì°ìŽë ìžì§ ë° ìŽë ë°ë¬ì ë¶ì ì ìž ìí¥ì ë¯žì¹ ì ììì ìì¬í©ëë€ ([PMC], 2017 ë Œë¬ž). ìŽë ììì 믞ì±ìí ì² íìì± ì¡°ì ë¥ë ¥ê³Œ êŽë šë ì ììµëë€.
ëì±ìŽ, 묎Ʞ묌 ì² ë¶ ê°í ë¶ì ë ìëŠ¬ìŒ ê°ì ìŽê°ê³µìíì 믞í ìœë늬ì êž°ë¥ ì¥ì ì ì°êŽëìŽ ì ìžê³ ìŽëаìŽë€ì ì ì ì 묞ì ë° ëì¬ ë¬žì ì êž°ì¬í ì ììµëë€. ê²ë€ê° ì¬êž°ì êžëЬí¬ìžìŽížê° ëíŽì§ë©Ž 믞í ìœë늬ìì ìëì ëì± ì¬íë©ëë€.
ë¶ì ë¹íì ì§ì€: ë¹ì ìì¬ë€ì ì ë§ ëª°ëìê¹ì?
ê²°ë¡ ë¶í° ë§í멎, ë¹ì ìì¬ë 곌íìë€ìŽ ìì ë¹íì ììžì ì í 몰ëë ê²ì ìëëë€. ì¬ì€, ë¶ì 륌 ëš¹ë ìêž°ìê² ë¹íìŽ íí 묞ì ìì ìžì§íêž°ì SimilacìŽ ì² ë¶ ê°í ë¶ì 륌 ì¶ìí ê²ìŽì£ .
ë¯žêµ ëëì ì í¹ìì±: íì€íìž íì¢ ê³Œ A1 ë² í-칎ì ìž
ê·žëŠ¬ê³ ê·¹í ìŒë¶ ì 묞ê°ë€ì ìŽê²ìŽ ëšìí ì² ë¶ ë¬žì ê° ìëëŒë ì¬ì€ë ìììµëë€. ìŽë 믞êµì ì íì¢ ì í, ê³µì¥ì ì¬ì¡, ê·žëŠ¬ê³ ìì êžì§ê° ê°ì žìš íì°ì ìž ê²°ê³Œììµëë€.
믞êµì ì°ì ìì°ëì ê·¹ëííêž° ìíŽ ë€ëëëì íì€íìž íì¢ ì ëì íìµëë€. ìœ 5ì²ìì 8ì² ë ì , ë€ëëë ì§ììì ìì° ë°ìí ì ì ì ëì°ë³ìŽë¡ ìžíŽ ì°ì ìì°ëìŽ ë§ì ì ê°ì²Žê° ëíë¬ê³ , ìŽí ìŽ íì§ì ì í êµë°°ë¥Œ íµíŽ ê³ ì ëììµëë€.
믞êµì ìŽë¬í ê³ ìì°ì± íì¢ ì ì€ì¬ìŒë¡ ëëì ì ë°ì ììŒ°ê³ , ê·ž 결곌 A1 beta-칎ì ìž ì ì íì§ì ê°ì§ ìë€ìŽ ë늬 íŒì§ê² ëììŒë©°, ì€ëë ì ìžê³ì ìŒë¡ íì°ëììµëë€. ê·žëŠ¬ê³ ëíë¯Œêµ ì ìë 99% íì€íìž íì¢ ì ëë€.
ë¬Œë¡ ìŽ íì¢ ì ì°ì ìì°ë 멎ìì ë§€ì° ì°ìíì¬ ì ìë€ìê² í° ìŽìµìŽ ëììµëë€. íì§ë§ ìŽ íì€íìžì¢ ì ëšë°±ì§ì A1 ì ì íì§ì ê°ì§ê³ ììµëë€. ê·žëŠ¬ê³ ìíê¹ê²ë, ìŽ A1 ë² í-칎ì ìžì ì°ì ë¿ ìëëŒ ìêž°ì ìëª ì€ìž ë¶ì ìë ê³ ì€ëí ëŽêž°ê² ë©ëë€.
A1 vs A2 ë² í-칎ì ìž(beta-칎ì ìž)ì ëíŽ ê³µë¶íë ê²ì ìêž° 걎ê°ì í¬íšíŽì ì²ìë ê·žëŠ¬ê³ ë žìœìì 걎ê°í ìíì ìíŽ ì€ìí©ëë€. 몚ë ì°ì ì ì¹ìŠê° ììíìì ë§íë¯ ëšë°±ì§ê³Œ 칌ìì ë³Žê³ ê° ëë ê²ì ìëëë€. ììŒë¡ ì ì íšê» ê³µë¶íŽ ëê°ìë€ ë³Žë©Ž ìŽë€ ì°ì ì ì¹ìŠë¥Œ ì ííŽìŒ í ì§ ì€ì€ë¡ ê²°ì ëŽëŠŽ ì ìì ê²ì ëë€.
ê·žëŠ¬ê³ ëí믌êµììë A2 ë² í-ì¹Žë² ìž ì°ì 륌 ë§ë ì ìê²ëìë€ê³ ë€ììµëë€. êž°ì ì 목ì ì ìŽì€ì ëë€. ìë¹ìì ë³ííê³ ìêµ¬ê° í¬ê³ íì€í ìë¡ ìì°ìë ìì¥ êž°í륌 í¬ì°©íì¬ ë³íê³ í¬ìí©ëë€.
ìë¹ìë ëšìí ì ííë 졎ì¬ìŒ ì ììµëë€. íì§ë§ íëª í ìë¹ìë “ìžìì ë°êŸžë 졎쬔ì ëë€.
íêµìì ë§ëìë A2ì°ì ì êŽíŽìë ë³ëì ì¥ìì ë€ì ì€ëª íëë¡ íê² ìµëë€.
ë¯žêµ ìì°ì ì íµ êžì§ì ë¶ì ì ì¡° 곌ì ì ë³í
믞êµìì ìì°ì (raw milk) ì íµìŽ êžì§ë ìì ì 1908ë ì ëë€. í¹í ìì¹Žê³ ìê° ë¯žêµ ìµìŽë¡ ìì°ì í맀륌 êžì§íê³ ìŽê· ì°ì ë§ì íì©íìµëë€. ìŽí 1920~30ë ëì ì êµì ìŒë¡ ìŽê· ì°ì ë²ììŽ íì°ëììµëë€. ë¯žêµ ì°ë°© ì ë¶ë 1940ë ë íë°ë¶í° 공공 볎걎 ì°šììì ì êµì ìŒë¡ ìì°ì ì íµ êžì§ ëë ì격 ê·ì 륌 ì¶ì§íìµëë€.
ë°ëŒì 1950ë ë 믞êµìì ë¶ì ì ì¡°ì ì°ìž ì°ì ë 100% ìŽê· ëë ê³ ìšìŽê· (HVAT) ì²ëЬë ì°ì ììµëë€. ê²°ë¡ ì ìŒë¡ 1959ë ìíë ìë°ëœ ë¶ì ìë ìì°ì ê° ì¬ì©ë ì ìììµëë€. ìµì í ë² ìŽì ê³ ìšìŽê· ì ê±°ì¹ ì°ì 륌 ì¬ì©íììŽ ë ŒëŠ¬ì ìŽê³ ì ì± ì ìŒë¡ ëª íí©ëë€.
ê³ ìšìŽê· (UHT, HTST) 곌ì ìì ì°ì ëšë°±ì§ì ë¶ë¶ì ìŒë¡ ëë ìì í ë³ì±ë©ëë€. ìŽì²ëŒ ë³ì±ë ì°ì ëšë°±ì§ë¡ ë§ë ë¶ì ë ììì ì첎ìŽì©ë¥ (bioavailability)ìŽ ëšìŽì§ ê°ë¥ì±ìŽ ëìµëë€. í¹í ì² ë¶ê³Œ 칌ì, ìì° ë±ì 믞ë€ë í¡ììšìŽ ê°ìí©ëë€. ìŽë¯ž ìŽê· /ë©žê· ì²ëŠ¬ë¡ í ë² ììë ëšë°±ì§ìŽ ë¶ì ì ì¡° ê³µì (ë¶ë¬Žê±Žì¡° ë±)ìì ìŽì€ìŒë¡ ìŽ ë³ì±ëìì ê°ë¥ì±ìŽ ëìµëë€.
ìë°ëœ ìž ëë¶ë¶ì ë¶ì ë ììì ì§ìŽ ë®ì ìŽì€ ê°ìŽ ë¶ì ìì ê°ë¥ì±ìŽ ë§€ì° ëìµëë€. ìŽë¬í ìŽì ë¡ ë¯žë ìììì ì첎ìŽì©ë¥ ì íì êŽë šë ë³Žê³ ë€ìŽ ìŽí ììì§ê² ë ê²ì ëë€.
1950ë ë ìêž° ë¹íì ë³µí©ì ìž ììž
1950ë ë êž°ì€ìŒë¡ ë¶ì 륌 ëš¹ì ìêž°ë€ìŽ ë¹íì ììë ìŽì 륌 ì€ì ì ìŒë¡ ìŽíŽë³Žê² ìµëë€.
첫짞, ìë ë¶ì ì ì² ë¶ íšëìŽ ë®ììµëë€. ìŽêž° ë¶ì ë ìžê³µì ìŒë¡ ì² ë¶ì ê°ííêž° ì ìë 몚ì ë³Žë€ ì² ë¶ íšëìŽ ë®ììµëë€.
ëì§ž, 몚ì ëë¹ ì² ë¶ í¡ììšìŽ ë®ììµëë€. 몚ì ì ì² ë¶ì ìì ì ì§ë§, ëœí í늰 ë± í¹ì ì±ë¶ ëë¶ì í¡ììšìŽ ë§€ì° ëìµëë€(ìœ 50%). ë°ë©Ž, ë¹ì ë¬Žêž°ì² ê°í ë¶ì ì ì°ìž ë¹íŽì² ì í¡ììšìŽ íšì¬ ë®ììµëë€(3-4% ì ëë¡ ì¶ì ).
ì ì§ž, ì¡°êž° ìŽì ë° ë¶ì ì í ìŽì ì êŽíë ë¹íì ì íì쌰ìµëë€. ë¹ììë ìììê² ìŽë¥ž ìêž°ì ìííêž° ìŽë €ìŽ ìŒë° ìŽê· ëë ë©žê· ì°ì 륌 죌거ë, ì² ë¶ìŽ ë¶ì¡±í 곡묌 ì죌ì ìŽì ìì ì¡°êž°ì ëì íë 겜ì°ê° ë§ììµëë€.
í¹í ì ì ë³í A1 ëšë°±ì§ì ì§ë íì€íìž íì¢ ì ìŽê· , ë©žê· ì°ì ë ì² ë¶ íšëìŽ ë®ì ë¿ë§ ìëëŒ ììì ì¥ìì 믞ìží íì¡ ìì€ì ì ë°íì¬ ë¹íì ëì± ì íìí¬ ì ììµëë€ ([MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia]).
ë·ì§ž, ì ì¥ ì² ë¶ì ê³ ê°ë ì€ìíìµëë€. ììë ì¶ì ì ìŽëšžëìê²ì ë°ì ì² ë¶ ì ì¥ë(ìí ìœ 4~6ê°ìê¹ì§ ì ì§)ì ì몚í í ìžë¶ ìììŒë¡ ì² ë¶ì 볎충íŽìŒ í©ëë€. ë¶ì ë ìŽì ììŒë¡ ì¶©ë¶í ì² ë¶ì ê³µêžë°ì§ 못í멎 ë¹íì ì·šìœíŽì§ë ê²ìŽì£ .
ë¹ì 곌íìë€ìŽ ëì³€ë ì§ì€: 믞ë ìììì 믞ë¬í ìì©
ë¹ì ìì¬ë 곌íìë€ìŽ ëª°ëë(í¹ì ì¶©ë¶í ìŽíŽíì§ ëª»íë) ì ì 묎ììŒê¹ì?
íŽì² 곌 ë¹íŽì² í¡ììš ì°šìŽì ëí ê¹ì ìŽíŽ ë¶ì¡±: ìŽ ëì 귌볞ì ìž ì첎 ìŽì©ë¥ ì°šìŽì ìì ëì¬ì í¹ìì±ì ëí ì¬ìžµ ì°êµ¬ 결곌ë 20ìžêž° íë°ììŒ ì¶ì ëêž° ììíìµëë€. ê·žì ìë ‘ì² ë¶’ìŽëŒë ëšìŒí ê°ë ìŒë¡ ì ê·Œíë 겜í¥ìŽ ê°íìµëë€.
곌ì 묎Ʞ묌 ííì ì² ë¶ì ì ì¬ì ë¶ìì©: ì² ë¶ ê²°íì ìíì±ì ìžì§íì§ë§, ë¶íìí 곌ì ë¬Žêž°ì² ê³µêžìŽ ììì ì¥ ê±Žê°, 믞ì묌ìŽ, ë€ë¥ž 믞ë ìì í¡ì, ì¬ì§ìŽ ë°ë¬ì ë¯žì¹ ì ìë ë¶ì ì ìž ìí¥ì ëí ë°ìŽí°ë ë§€ì° ë¶ì¡±íìµëë€. 결곌ì ìŒë¡ ì² ë¶ìŽ íì ììììŽë ‘ë§ìŽ ë£ììë¡ ì¢ë€’ë ìžììŽ ì§ë°°ì ìŽììµëë€.
몚ì ì ë³µì¡í ë³Žíž ë©ì»€ëìŠ: 몚ì ê° ëšìí ìì ê³µêžììŒ ë¿ë§ ìëëŒ, ììì 믞ìí ìíêž° ë° ë©Žì ìì€í ì 볎ížíê³ ì² ë¶ í¡ì륌 ìµì ííë ë³µì¡í ì첎 íì± ì±ë¶(ëœí í늰 ë±)ì í¬íšíë€ë ì¬ì€ì ëí ìŽíŽê° ì íì ìŽììµëë€. ë°ëŒì ë¶ì ë ìŽë¬í ë³µí©ì ìž ë³Žíž ë©ì»€ëìŠì íëŽ ëŽêž° ìŽë €ì ìµëë€.
ê²°ë¡ ì ìŒë¡, 1950ë ëì 곌íìë€ì ìì ë¹í 묞ì 륌 íŽê²°íêž° ìíŽ ë¹ìë¡ìë ìµì ì ë€íìµëë€. íì§ë§ ê·žë€ì ì§ìì íë ììí곌 ì늬íìŽ ì¶ì í ë°©ëí ì 볎ì ë¹í멎 ìëì ìŒë¡ ìŽêž° ëšê³ììµëë€. í¹í, 믞ë ìììì 믞ë¬í ëì¬ ê³Œì 곌 ë¬Žêž°ì² ê³Œì ê³µêžì ì ì¬ì ìíì±ì ëí ìŽíŽë ì íì ìŽììµëë€.
2025ë ë¶ì ì ë¬Žêž°ì² ì±ë¶: ììì ìì€ìŒê¹ì?
1. ê·žë ë€ë©Ž, íì¬ ì°ëЬ ìêž° ë¶ì ì ì² ë¶ ì±ë¶ì?
ì€ëë , ëë¶ë¶ì ìì ì© ì ìì© ë¶ì ë **ì² ë¶ ê°í(iron-fortified)**ëìŽ íë§€ë©ëë€. 1959ë Similacì 첫 ìë ìŽí, ìì ì² ë¶ ê²°íì± ë¹í ìë°©ì ìíŽ ì² ë¶ ê°íë ì ìžê³ì ìž íì€ìŽ ëììµëë€. ê·žëŠ¬ê³ íì¬ ë¶ì ì ì¬ì©ëë ì² ë¶ íí ìì ì¬ì í ë³íšììŽ ë¬Žêž°ì² ííì ëë€.
ëíì ìŒë¡ ë€ì íí©ë¬Œë€ìŽ ì¬ì©ë©ëë€.
í©ì°ì ìŒì² (Ferrous Sulfate): ê°ì¥ íí ì¬ì©ëë ííì ëë€. ê°ê²©ìŽ ì ë Žíê³ ìëì ìŒë¡ ë€ë¥ž ë¬Žêž°ì² ì ë¹íŽ ì첎 ìŽì©ë¥ ìŽ ëìµëë€. ê·žë¬ë ë³ë¹, ë©ì€êºŒì, ê²ì ë³ê³Œ ê°ì ìì¥ ì¥ì 륌 ì ë°í ì ììµëë€.
êžë£šìœì°ì ìŒì² (Ferrous Gluconate): í©ì°ì ìŒì² ë³Žë€ ìì¥ ì¥ì ê° ì ë€ê³ ìë €ì ž ìŒë¶ ë¶ì ìì ì¬ì©ëêž°ë í©ëë€.
ížë§ë¥Žì°ì ìŒì² (Ferrous Fumarate): ìŽ ííë ë¹êµì ìì ì ìŽë©° ì² ë¶ íšëìŽ ëì ížì ëë€.
ì íŽì² (Elemental Iron): ìì ì² ë¶ ííë¡, í¹ì ì ì¡° ê³µë²ìì ì°ìŽêž°ë í©ëë€.
ëë¶ë¶ì ììì© ë¶ì ë 1늬í°ë¹ 4~12mgì ë¬Žêž°ì² ì í¬íšíëë¡ ì ì¡°ë©ëë€. ìŽë ìí 4~6ê°ì ìŽí ìììê² íìí ì² ë¶ ìì·šëì 충족ìí€êž° ìíšì ëë€. ë°ëŒì ë¯žêµ ìì곌íí(AAP)ì ì ëœ ìììíêž°ììíí(ESPGHAN) ë± ì£Œì êž°êŽë€ì ë¬Žêž°ì² ê°í ë¶ì ì ì¬ì©ì ê³ì ê¶ì¥í©ëë€.
í©ì°ì ìŒì² , êžë£šìœì°ì ìŒì² , ížë§ë¥Žì°ì ìŒì² , ì íŽì² ì ë¶ì ë¿ ìëëŒ ì±ìžì© ì² ë¶ ë³Žì¶©ì ìë êŽë²ìíê² ì¬ì©ë©ëë€. ìŽë€ì **몚ë ë¬Žêž°ì² (non-heme iron)**ë¡ì, 곌ì ìì·š ì ì¥ëŽ ìŒìŠ, í¡ììš ì í, ì°í ì€ížë ì€ ì ë° ê°ë¥ì±ìŽ ììµëë€.
ê·žëŠ¬ê³ ìíê¹ê²ë ìŽë€ í©ì°ì ìŒì² , êžë£šìœì°ì ìŒì² , ížë§ë¥Žì°ì ìŒì² ë± ë¬Žêž°ì² ì ì ë ì§êžë **ììœíìŒë¡ ë§ë€ìŽì ž ìì¬ë€ìŽ ë¹íìŽë ì² ë¶ ê²°í íììê² ì²ë°©í©ëë€. ì£Œë¡ ê°ê²©, 볎í êžì¬, Ʞ졎 êŽí, 볎ìì ì§ë£ í겜 ë묞ìŽë©°, **ìµì ì°êµ¬ë€ìŽ ì§ì íë ìíì±ìŽë ë ëì ëìë€(ì: íŽì² , ìë¯žë žì° í¬ë ìŽíž ì² ë¶)**ì ìë£ íì¥ìì ìì§ ì¶©ë¶í ë°ìëì§ ìê³ ììµëë€.
2. ‘ì묌 ì ë ë¬Žêž°ì² ì ëììŽ ëì§ ìë뀒ë ë¹í, ê·žëŠ¬ê³ AAPì ëì
íë ììíì ë¹íŽì² (ì묌 ì ë ë¬Žêž°ì² í¬íš)ì í¡ììšìŽ íŽì² ë³Žë€ íì í ë®ë€ë ì ì ë¶ëª í ìžì§í©ëë€. ëí, 곌ì ê³µêž ì ì ì¬ì ìž ë¶ìì©ìŽ ìì ì ìë€ë ì ë ì ìë €ì ž ììµëë€. ìŽë¬í ë¹íìë ë¶êµ¬íê³ , ë¯žêµ ìì곌 íí(AAP)ê° ì¬ì í ë¬Žêž°ì² êž°ë°ì ì² ë¶ ê°í ë¶ì 륌 ê¶ì¥íë ë°ìë ëª ê°ì§ ë³µí©ì ìž ìŽì ê° ììµëë€. (íêµ ìì곌 ííë 믞êµê³Œ ì ëœì ê°ìŽëëŒìžì ìì©íê³ ììµëë€.)
첫짞, ì€ì©ì±ê³Œ 겜ì ì± ë묞ì ëë€. íŽì² ì í¡ììšìŽ ëì§ë§ ìì° ë¹ì©ìŽ ë§€ì° ëê³ ëë¬Œì± ìë£ëŒë íê³ê° ììµëë€. ë°ëŒì ëë ìì°ëë ë¶ì ì íŽì² ì ì¬ì©íë ê²ì íì¬ë¡ìë 겜ì ì , ì€ì©ì ìŒë¡ ìŽë µìµëë€.
ë°ë©Žì í©ì°ì ìŒì² ê°ì ë¬Žêž°ì² ì ë§€ì° ì ë Žíê³ ëë ìì° ë° ê³µêžìŽ ì©ìŽí©ëë€. ìì ì ìŒë¡ ê³µêžëìŽìŒ íë ë¶ì ì í¹ì±ì 겜ì ì±ì ì ì¡°ì¬ìê² ì€ìí ê³ ë € ì¬íì ëë€. ëí, ë¬Žêž°ì² ì ìì ì±ê³Œ ë³ŽêŽ ì©ìŽì± 멎ììë ë°ìŽë©ëë€.
ë¬Žêž°ì² ì íŽì² ë³Žë€ ì°í ìì ì±ìŽ ì°ìíì¬ ì¥êž°ê° ë³ŽêŽ ë° ì íµì ì 늬í©ëë€. ê²ë€ê° ë¶ì ì ì¡° ê³µì ìì ë€ë¥ž ììììì ìížìì© ë¬žì ë ë ìŒìŒíµëë€.
ëì§ž, ‘ì¶©ë¶í ì’ì ê³µêžìŽëŒë ê³µì€ ë³Žê±Ž ì ëµ ë묞ì ëë€. í¡ììšìŽ ë®ëëŒë ë¶ì ì ì¶©ë¶í ìì ë¬Žêž°ì² ì 첚ê°íšìŒë¡ìš ììê° íìí ìµìíì ì² ë¶ì ìì·ší ì ìëë¡ íìë 죌ì¥ì ëë€. AAPë ìŽë¬í ‘ê°í’륌 íµíŽ ë¹í ìë°©ì ì€ì§ì ìž íšê³Œê° ììì ì¬ë¬ ì°êµ¬ìì íìžíë€ê³ 죌ì¥í©ëë€.
ì ì§ž, ‘ìí ëë¹ ìŽë’ íê°ê° ì€ìí©ëë€. AAPë ë¬Žêž°ì² ê°í ë¶ì ì ì ì¬ì ìí(곌ì ì² ë¶ìŒë¡ ìží ì°í ì€ížë ì€ë ì¥ëŽ ë¯žì묌 ë¶ê· í ë±)ì ìžì§í©ëë€. ê·žëŒìë ì¬ê°í ë°ë¬ ì§ì°ê³Œ ìžì§ ë¥ë ¥ ì í륌 ìŽëí ì ìë ì² ë¶ ê²°íì± ë¹íì ìë°©íë ê²ìŽ ë í° ìŽëìŽëŒê³ íëšíë 겜í¥ìŽ ììµëë€.
íì§ë§, ìŽë¬í 죌ì¥ìŽ ìŒë§ë íë 곌í곌 ëëšìŽì§ ìëì°©ì€ì ë°ììžì§ 볎ì¬ì£Œë ìë§ì ë Œë¬žë€ìŽ ììµëë€.
ê·ž ë Œë¬žë€ ì€ ìŒë¶ë¥Œ ìê°í©ëë€.
[Karamantziani T. et al. (2024) Children (Basel) 첎ê³ì 늬뷰 ë° ë©íë¶ì]: ììì 겜구 ì² ë¶ ë³Žì¶©ì ì ìµê· (Bifidobacteria) ë¹ì€ ê°ì륌 ìœ 10% ì ë°íë©° ì¥ëŽ ë¶ê· íì ìŽëí©ëë€. ([Europe PMC], [PubMed], [MDPI] ë±)
[Paganini D. & Zimmermann MB (2017) Am J Clin Nutr ìì ë° ìì ëì]: ì² ë¶ ë³Žì¶©(MNPs/ì² ì ì )ì ì€ì¬ ë° ì¥ìŒ ë°ìë¥ ìŠê°, ì¥ëŽ ì ìµê· ê°ì, ê·žëŠ¬ê³ ë³ìê· ìŠì곌 ìŒìŠì ì ë°í©ëë€. ([arXiv], [PubMed], [ResearchGate] ë±)
[Finlayson-Trick EC et al. (2020) Gastrointestinal Disorders ì¢ ì€]: ì² ë¶ ë³Žì¶©ì ë®ì í¡ììšë¡ ìžíŽ ì¥ëŽ ì°í ì€ížë ì€ë¥Œ ìŠê°ìí€ê³ ë³ìì± ìžê· ì±ì¥ì ìŽì§í©ëë€. 결곌ì ìŒë¡ ìì ìŒìŠ ì§í ë° ê°ìŒ ìŠê° ì°ë €ê° ììµëë€. ([PMC], [MDPI], [Frontiers] ë±)
[Preterm Infant Study (ìë¹, Nebraskaë) 믞ìì 14ëª ì¶ì ]: ìŽêž° ì² ë¶ í¬ì¬ í ëì¥ê· ë± ë³ìê· ì°ì í íì ë° ROS ìŠê°ê° êŽì°°ëììµëë€. ([PubMed], [MDPI], [American Chemical Society Publications] ë±)
[“Potential adverse effects of iron supplementation in developing countries” (Journal of Nutrition, 2007)]: 곌ì ì² ë¶ì ë¶ìì©ì ëí ì°ë €ë¥Œ ì êž°íë©°, í¹í ì² ë¶ ê²°íìŽ ìë ìëìê² ê³Œëí ì² ë¶ ê³µêžì ìíì±ì ë Œìí©ëë€.
‘ììœíìŽ ìë’ ë¶ì : ‘ìŽê°ê³µìí’ ê·ž ìŽì?
ë¶ì ê° ‘ììœí’ìŽ ìë ‘ìí’ìŒë¡ ë¶ë¥ë멎ì ê·ì ì íì ìŽ ë°ìí©ëë€. ë¶ì ê° ëšë°±ì§ íì°ëë ìŒë¶ ê±Žê° ë³Žì¡° ìí곌 ì ì¬í êŽëЬ 첎ê³ë¥Œ ê°ì§ë¯ë¡, ë€ì곌 ê°ì 묞ì ë€ì ìŒêž°í©ëë€.
ìì ì± ê²ìŠì íê³ì ìšê²šì§ ì íŽ ë¬Œì§
첫짞, ìì ì± ê²ìŠì íê³ê° ëª íí©ëë€. ììœíì ì¶ì ì ì격í ìììí곌 GMP(Good Manufacturing Practice) êž°ì€ì 충족íŽìŒ í©ëë€. íì§ë§ ë¶ì ë ìí êž°ì€ì ë°ë¥Žêž°ì ì격í ê²ìŠ ìë¬Žê° ììµëë€. í¹í êžëЬí¬ìžìŽíž ê°ì ìë¥ ëìœìŽë ë¯žìž íëŒì€í±, 곌ë¶ííí©ë¬Œ(PFAS) ë± ì ì¢ ì íŽ ë¬Œì§ì ëí ê²ì¬ê° ì ëë¡ ìŽë£šìŽì§ì§ ìëë€ë ì ì í° ì°ë €ë¥Œ ë³ìµëë€.
귌거 ìë£: 2025ë 5ì [ë믌ì 묞] 볎ëì ë°ë¥Žë©Ž, íêµ ììœì²ì ìì ëì°ë¬Œ(ë¶ì ìë£ í¬íš) ê²ì¬ í목ìì êžëЬí¬ìžìŽížê° ëëœëìŽ ììµëë€. ìë ì íí ë§íì멎 ê²ì¬ í목ìë ë€ìŽììŒë, ì€ì ë¡ë ê²ì¬ëì§ ìê³ ììµëë€. EFSAë EUìì ì ìì© ìíì êžëЬí¬ìžìŽížë¥Œ ì êž°ì ìŒë¡ 몚ëí°ë§í©ëë€. ê·žë¬ë íêµìŒë¡ ìì¶ë ì íì ëí êµëŽ ê²ìŠì ì¬ì í ë¶í¬ëª í©ëë€.
ì±ë¶ í¬ëª ì± ë¶ì¡±ê³Œ ‘GRAS’ ê°ë ì ë¹í
ëì§ž, ì±ë¶ í¬ëª ì±ë ë¶ì¡±í©ëë€. ì ì¡°ì¬ì ‘ììí ì ê³ ’ì ì졎íë 겜í¥ìŽ ê°í©ëë€. ê·ž 결곌, ìë¹ìë€ìŽ ì íì ìë£ ì¶ì², ê°ê³µ ë°©ì, ê·žëŠ¬ê³ ì²šê°ë¬Œì 몚ë ì 볎륌 í¬ëª íê² ìêž° ìŽë µìµëë€. í¹í ‘ê·žëŒì€ ë±êž(GRAS, Generally Recognized As Safe)’ ê°ì ê°ë ì ì ì¡°ì 첎ì ììšì íëšì ì졎íë 겜ì°ê° ë§ì ë¹íì ëììŽ ëêž°ë í©ëë€.
ìêž°ì 목ìšì 걎 ì€íêž°: ‘ìëª ì€’ìžê°, ‘ì©ì ëì쀒ìžê°?
ë¶ì ë 볞ì§ì ìŒë¡ 몚ì 륌 ë첎íêž° ìíŽ ê³ ëë¡ ê°ê³µë **ìŽê°ê³µìí(Ultra-Processed Food, UPF)**ì ëë€. ë³µì¡í ì ì¡° 곌ì ì ê±°ì¹ê³ ì¬ë¬ 첚ê°ë¬Œ(ìžê³µ ë¹í믌, 믞ë€ë, ì íì , ìì ì ë±)ìŽ ë€ìŽê°ë©Žì ìì° ìí곌ë ê±°ëŠ¬ê° ë©ìŽì§ëë€.
‘BPA-free’ì íì곌 íëŒì€í± ì©êž°ì ìí
íí âBPA-freeâëŒê³ íêž°ë ì ë³ê³Œ íëŒì€í± ì©êž°ê° ìì íë€ê³ ì¬ê²šì§ì§ë§, ê·ž íêž° ìì²Žê° ë ë€ë¥ž ì°©ììŒ ì ììµëë€.
ê²ì ì룚믞ë ìºì²ëŒ 볎ìŽì§ë§, ëŽë¶ë BPA-free íëŒì€í± ìœí ìŽ ëìŽ ìë 깡íµì ìŽê°ê³µìí, ë¶ì ê° ëŽê²š, ì¥êž°ê° 볎êŽë©ëë€.
ê²°êµ ìêž°ë€ì ìžíì êžì, ëŽì©ë¬Œì âBPA-freeìžì§ì¡°ì°š ë¶íì€í íëŒì€í±â ì©êž°ì ëŽêžŽ ìŽê°ê³µ ë¶ì 륌 íëŒì€í± ì ë³ê³Œ ì êŒì§ë¥Œ íµíŽ ìì·šíë 구조 ìì ëì¬ ììŒë©°, ìŽë 믞ìžÂ·ëë žíëŒì€í± ë žì¶ìŽëŒë ìíë¡ìŽ ì€íêž°ë¡ ìŽìŽì§ëë€.
ì컚ë, ê°ê³µìíì 묞ì ë ëšì§ ëŽì©ë¬Œìë§ ìì§ ììµëë€. ê·ž í¬ì¥ ì©êž°, í¹í âBPA-freeâëŒë ë§ìŒí íìë íëì íììŽë©°, ìŽë ì ì¡°ì 첎ì 죌ì¥ìŒ ë¿, ìì ì ì ìŠíë 곌íì êž°ì€ì ìëëë€.
ì€ì ë¡, BPA-freeëŒë íꞰ륌 í ì íë€ì BPA ëì©íìŒë¡ ì¬ì©ëë BPF, BPS, BPB ë± ìŒë¶ ë첎 ë¹ì€íë ìì ížë¥Žëª¬ êµë, ê° êž°ë¥ ìŽì, ì ê²œê³ ìŽì ë±ìŽ BPAë§íŒ í¹ì ê·ž ìŽì ìííë€ë ì°êµ¬ë€ìŽ 2015ë ìŽí ë€ì ë°íëê³ ììµëë€. ìŽì ë°ëŒ ì ëœ ì ì§êµì ìŽë€ ìì ê·ì ëìì í¬íšìí€ê³ ììµëë€. íëì€ë BPA í¬íš íµì¡°ëŠŒì ì 멎 êžì§íê³ BPS, BPFê¹ì§ë ëšê³ì ìŒë¡ êžì§ë¥Œ ì§í ì€ì ëë€.
‘ììì ìì€ ìë’: ì§êž ì°ëЬë ìŽëë¡ ê°ê³ ìëì?
2025ë , ì¬ì í íëŠ¬ì§ ìë ì§ë¬žë€
íì¬, 2025ë ì 1950ë ëì ë¹êµí ì ìì ì ëë¡ ê³Œí êž°ì 곌 ììíì ì§ììŽ ë°ì íìµëë€. ê·žëŒìë ì ì¬ì í ë¶ì ì ë¬Žêž°ì² ìŽ ì¬ì©ëë©°, ê·ž ì ì¬ì ë¶ìì©ì ëí ì¶©ë¶í ì ë³Žê° ìêž° 볎ížìë€ìê² ì ëë¡ ì ë¬ëì§ ììê¹ì?
ìêµììë ì¬ì©ë ìì ë êžì§í멎ì, ìì¶ì© ìíìë ìŽì€ì£ë륌 ì ì©íë ëëŒë€. ê·žë°ë°ë ì°ëЬë ê·ž ëëŒìì ìš ìì¬ë£ë¥Œ âê²ì¬í목âìë§ êž°ì¬íŽëê³ , ì€ì ë¡ë ë³ë€ë¥ž ê²ì¬ ììŽ ë¬Žì¬íµê³Œìí€ê³ ììµëë€. ë²ì ì격íê² ì¡Žì¬íì§ë§, ê·ž ì€íì í°ë¬ŽëììŽ íì í ëëŒ. ìŽë° 몚ììŽ ëí믌êµìì ë°ë³µëë íì€, ì ë§ ë°ê¿ ë°©ë²ì ììê¹ì?
“ììì ìì€ ìë”ëŒê³ ížë íë ê²ì ìŽì ê·žë§íêž°ë¡ í©ëë€. ížë ëì ì§ë ì ë¶íì°êž°ë¡ í©ëë€. ì°ëŠ¬ê° ë°ê¿ ì ììµëë€. ìë, ìŽì ë ì°ëŠ¬ê° ë°êŸžì§ ììŒë©Ž ì ëë ìí©ì ëë€.
ì 볎 ë¶ì¡±ìŒë¡, í¹ì ë¶ëªšê³µë¶ ë¶ì¡±ìŒë¡, ì°ëЬ ììŽë€ìê² ì¢ì ê²ì ëš¹ìžë€ë©°, GMO ì묌곌 êžëЬí¬ìžìŽížë¡ ìë ìì ì , ê·žê²ë A1 ëšë°±ì§ì ì§ë ì°ì 륌 ë©žê· ì²ëЬíì¬ í¹ì ê³µë²ìŒë¡ ë§ë ë¶ì 륌, âë¬Žêž°ì² âìžì§ ìŽë€ ìžê³µ ììììžì§ ëªšë¥Žê³ , ëšì§ ë¶ì íµì ì í ìì¹ì ì졎, ìêž° 걎ê°ì ëììŽ ëë ìíìŽëŒ ë¯¿ê³ ëš¹ìž ê²œíìŽ ìë€ë©Žâ
ìŽì ë ë¬ëŒì žìŒ í ëì ëë€. ê·žëë 몰ëìŽë, ìŽì ë ìê² ëììŒëâ ì§êžë¶í°ë ììì ì€íìŒë¡ ì®êž°ìêž° ë°ëëë€.
ìŽ ëªšë ì¬ì€ì ìê³ ë, ì죌륌 ìíŽ ìì ì ìë ìê² ëš¹ìë ê·ž ë¶ì 륌 구맀íìê² ìµëê¹?
BPA-freeëŒë âìì¬â ëŒë²šìŽ ë¶ì íëŒì€í± ë³ì ëŽì, ì ë§ë¡ ìì¬íê³ ë§€ìŒ ìì íìê² ìµëê¹?
ì±ì¥í ìë ê° “ë°ë¹ ì ìŽì© ì ì뀔며, “ì ì ë ží ìëš”ìŽëŒê³ ë£ê³ 볎ìë€ë©°, 6ê°ìì ê±°ë¬í 볎êŽëë ìŠìë°¥ì ëë 구ì í ë, ê·žì ì§ìŒë³Žê³ ë§ ê³ìê² ìµëê¹?
ë žë ì ì¶ì ížíê² ì§ëŽê² ë€ë ìŽì ë¡, ìíì ì°šëŠ¬êž°ë³Žë€ ìŠì밥곌 ëšë°±ì§ ë°, ëšë°±ì§ íì°ëì ìì§íë©° ìŽìê°ë ëë ìŽ, ì§ì ì ì ë žíë¡ ìŽìŽì§ ê²ìŽëŒ íë§ì ì«ìŒìê² ìµëê¹?
í ìë²ì§ í ëšžëë¡ì ì죌 ë€ìê² íì ì°ê³ ë ëšì ì¬ì° ëì , íì ì¹ìë ëìŽ ë³ŽìŽì§ ìë ì€ìŒë ë , 묌, 공Ʞ륌 ë¬Œë €ì€ ìë ìë ë žëŠìŽì§ ë§ì ëë€.
ê³ ì¬ëЬê°ì ìêž°ì ìì êŒ ì¥ìŽë³Žìžì.
ì§êžê¹ì§ ìì§ ëª»íêž°ì, ìêž°ë€ì ê·žë° ê²ì 묌늎 ì ë°ì ìììµëë€. íì§ë§ ìŽì ìê³ ë ìžë©Žíê±°ë ëê°ì íëì ë°ë³µíë€ë©Ž…
ISCC Plusë ìžì²Ž 걎ê°ìŽë ëŽë¶ë¹ êµë묌ì§ì ìíŽì±ì íê°íë ìžìŠìžê°ì?
ëµì ëšì°ìœ, ìëì ì ëë€. **ISCC Plus (International Sustainability and Carbon Certification Plus)**ë ë ìŒì 볞ë¶ë¥Œ ë êµì ë¹ì늬 ìžìŠêž°êŽìŒë¡, ë°ìŽì€ë§€ì€ êž°ë°ì íëŒì€í±ìŽë ì¬íì© ê°ë¥í ììì ì¬ì©í ê²œì° ê³µêžë§ì í¬ëª ì±, ì§ìê°ë¥ì±, íìë°ìêµ ê°ì ë±ì ê²ìŠí©ëë€.
ê·žë¬ë **ëŽë¶ë¹ê³ ì¥ì ì ë° ë¬Œì§(Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals, EDCs)**ì ëí ìžì²Ž ì€í, ë ì± ìí, ì¥ëŽ ë¯žì묌 ìí¥, ìì ì€ íì 걎ê°ì ëí íê°ë¥Œ íì§ë ììµëë€.
ë°ëŒì ISCC Plus ìžìŠì ë°ìë€ê³ íŽì âìžì²Žì 묎íŽíë€â, âìì ë¶ë ìì ììê² ìì íë€âë ì믞ë ê²°ëšìœ ìëëë€.
íìë°ìêµ 25% ê°ìëŒë ìì¹ë “ì 첎 묞ì ì ë¶ë¶ì íŽê²°”ìŽë©°, ëëšžì§ 75%ë ì¬ì í í겜곌 걎ê°ì ìí¥ì ì€ëë€.
â25% íìë°ìêµ ê°ìâë íµìì ìŒë¡ íëŒì€í± ìì°Â·ìŽì¡Â·íêž° 곌ì ì ìšì€ê°ì€ ë°°ì¶ëì Ʞ졎 ëë¹ ìŒë¶ ì€ìë€ë ì믞ì ëë€.
íì§ë§ **ì 첎 ìŠìë°¥ ìì€í (íëŒì€í± ìì°, ëŽì©ë¬Œ ê°ê³µ, ë°ëŽ, ì ìë ìžì§ ê°ìŽ, ì íµë§ í¬íš)**ììì ìŽ í겜ìí¥ìŽë 걎ê°ìí¥ì 100% ì€ 25%ë§ ê°ì ë ê²ìŒ ë¿ìŽë©°, ëëšžì§ 75%ë ì¬ì í ë§ì€í 곌ì ë¡ ëšì ììµëë€.
íìë°ìêµë§ ì€ìŽë ì ê·ŒìŒë¡ë ì§ì í í겜ì ìê°íë ‘í겜 걎ê°ì’ìŽë ‘ì ì ë ží ìëš’ìŒë¡ í곚ííí ì ììµëë€.
ëí ìŠìë°¥ ìì²Žê° ìŽê°ê³µìíì íŽë¹íë©°,
- ë¹ìì°ì í¬ì¥(íëŒì€í±)
- 묎íêž°ë ì°íë°©ì§ì , ì€íì , ìœí ì
- êžëЬí¬ìžìŽíž ìë¥ ì°ë €
- íꎎë ì ë¶êµ¬ì¡° ë° ë¹ ë¥ž íë¹ ìì¹
- 믞ëì 믞ìžíëŒì€í± ëë íë°ì± ì êž°íí©ë¬Œ(VOC) ë°©ì¶
ë±ì ìí ììžìŽ ì¡Žì¬í©ëë€.
ìŽë¬í ììë ë ží ì§ì°ìŽ ìë ë ží ìŽì§, ëì¬ì§í ì ë°, ëŽë¶ë¹ê³ íŒë ë±ìŒë¡ ìŽìŽì§ ì ììŽ, **âì ì ë ží ìëšâ**ìŒë¡ ë¶ë¥íêž° ì°žìŒë¡ 믌ë§í ìŒì ëë€.
ì 늬
ISCC Plus ìžìŠì âí겜 ì§ì ê°ë¥ì±ì ìŒë¶ 잡멎(íìì€ëŠœì±)âìë§ ìŽì ì ë§ì¶ ìžìŠìŽë©°, ìžì²Ž 걎ê°ì±, ëŽë¶ë¹ ì¥ì ê°ë¥ì±, ì¥êž°ì ìì ì± íê°ê° í¬íšëì§ ìêž° ë묞ì, íŽë¹ íëŒì€í± ì©êž°ì ëŽêžŽ ìŠìë°¥ì **âì ì ë ží ìëšâ**ìŽëŒ ë¶ë¥Œ ì ììµëë€.
ê²°êµ, íìë°ìêµì ì§ì ìŒë¡ ì€ìŽë €ë©Ž ìŠìë°¥ì í¬íší ìŽê°ê³µ ìíì ìë¹ ì첎륌 ì€ìŽë ê²ìŽ ê°ì¥ 귌볞ì ìž íŽëµì ëë€.
ì°žê³ :
1. ì ë¶ì 구조ì ìí ìë ë³í: ìì ë¶ vs ì €ëŒíŽí vs ì¬ê²°ì í
ì§ìì ê° ì§ì ë°¥ìë âì €ëŒíŽíë ì ë¶(gelatinized starch)âìŽ í¬íšëìŽ ìì§ë§, ìŠìë°¥ì ë€ì곌 ê°ì ì¬ê°ìŽê³Œ 걎조, í¬ì¥, ë€ì ê°ìŽì ë³µí© ê³µì ì ê±°ì¹ë©° ì ë¶ì êµ¬ì¡°ê° íꎎë©ëë€.
ì ë¶ì 조늬ëë©° ì €ëŒíŽíëê³ , ìŽ ìíìì ëê° to ì¬ê°ìŽëë 곌ì ì ì ë¶ì ì¬ê²°ì í (retrogradation) 륌 ì ëí©ëë€.
ê·žë¬ë ìŠìë°¥ìŽë ì¬ê°ìŽë ë°¥ì ì íì ë¶ìŽ ì€ê³ , ë¹ ë¥Žê² ìí ê°ë¥í ì ë¶(RDS, rapidly digestible starch)ìŽ ìŠê°í©ëë€.
ìŽê²ìŽ íë¹ì ë¹ ë¥Žê² ì¬ëЬë ìŽì ì ëë€.
2. 곌íì ì°êµ¬ 귌거
(1) Glycemic Index (GI) ì°êµ¬
ížì£Œì [University of Sydney]ì GI databaseì ë°ë¥Žë©Ž, ìŠìë°¥ì ìŒë° ë°¥ë³Žë€ GIê° ë ëìµëë€.
ì: ê° ì§ì í°ìë°¥ (GI ìœ 70), ìŠìë°¥ or ì¬ê°ìŽë í°ìë°¥ (GI 80 ìŽì)
(2) ì ë¶ êµ¬ì¡° ë³í ì°êµ¬ ([FAO/WHO], 1998)
âStarches subjected to processing such as high-heat or pressure cooking, drying, and rehydration tend to show increased glycemic responses due to altered granule structures.â
to ê³ ìŽ, 걎조, ì¬ê°ìŽì ê±°ì¹ ì ë¶ì íë¹ ë°ììŽ ìŠê°íš.
(3) ê³µì í ìíì íë¹ì§ì ë³í ì°êµ¬ (2015, [British Journal of Nutrition])
ìŠì ìíë¥ë 조늬 ì ë³Žë€ ìíìšìŽ ë¹ ë¥Žë©°, íë¹ ìì¹ë¥ ìŽ ëë€ê³ ë°íì§.
3. ìŠìë°¥ìŽ íë¹ì ë ëìŽë 구조ì ìŽì ììœ
êµ¬ë¶ | 구조 | ìí ìë | íë¹ ë°ì |
ì§ìì ê° ì§ì ë°¥ | ì ë¶ìŽ ì €ëŒíŽíëš, ìŒë¶ ì íì ë¶ ì¡Žì¬ | ì€ê° | ë³Žíµ |
ìŠìë°¥ | ë°ë³µ ê°ìŽê³Œ í¬ì¥ to ì ë¶ìŽ ìœê² ìíëëë¡ ë¶íŽëš | ë¹ ëŠ | ëì |
4. íêµ ë³Žê±Žìë£ê³ ëŽ ìžì 격찚
íêµììë ì¬ì í ìŠìë°¥ì ìŒë°ë°¥ê³Œ ëìŒìíê±°ë ë ììì ìŽëŒ ì¬êž°ë©° 걎ê°ììŒë¡ ë§ìŒí íë 겜ì°ê° ë§ìµëë€. ê·žë¬ë ìŽë GI ì°êµ¬ë ì ë¶ ë³íì ëí êµì ì ìí곌íì ìŽíŽìë ë€ëŠ ëë€.
ìŠìë°¥ì ëšìí âê° ì§ì ë°¥ë³Žë€ ììì âìŽê±°ë âížëЬâí ê²ìŽ ìëëŒ, ì ë¶ êµ¬ì¡°ê° ë³íëìŽ íë¹ì ë ë¹ ë¥Žê² ì¬ëŠŽ ì ìë€ë ì ìì í¹í ë¹ëš, ëì¬ìŠíêµ°, ìžì늰 ì í íììê²ë 죌ìê° íìí©ëë€.
ìŽ ì¬ì€ì ìì íž ìŽìì êµì íì ì°êµ¬ìì ë°ë³µì ìŒë¡ ìŠëª ë ëŽì©ì ëë€.
ë¶ìì©ì ëí ì 볎 ë¶ì¶©ë¶ê³Œ ‘ê·žë€ë§ì 늬귞’
ë€ì ë¶ì ì ë¬Žêž°ì² ìŽìŒêž°ë¡ ëììì. ë¬Žêž°ì² ì ì ì¬ì ë¶ìì©, ìŠ ë³ë¹, ìì¥ ì¥ì , ì¥ëŽ ë¯žì묌 ë¶ê· í, ì°í ì€ížë ì€ ë±ì ëíŽ ìêž° 걎ê°ì ì± ìì§ë 볎ížìë€ìê² ì¶©ë¶í ìëŠ¬ì§ ìëë€ë ì ì ë§€ì° ì¬ê°í 묞ì ì ëë€. ìŽë¬í ì 볎 ë¶ì¶©ë¶ì ë€ì곌 ê°ì ìŽì ë¡ ë°ìí ì ììµëë€.
첫짞, ì 볎 ë¹ëì¹ì±ìŽ ì¡Žì¬í©ëë€. ìë£ ì 묞ê°ë ì ì¡°ì¬ë êŽë š ì°êµ¬ë¥Œ íµíŽ ë¶ìì© ê°ë¥ì±ì ìžì§íê³ ììµëë€. ê·žë¬ë ìŽë¥Œ ìë¹ììê² ì ê·¹ì ìŒë¡ ì늬ë ê²ì ì í íë§€ì ë¶ì ì ìž ìí¥ì ë¯žì¹ ì ììµëë€.
ëì§ž, ‘겜믞í ë¶ìì©’ìŒë¡ ì¹ë¶íë 겜í¥ìŽ ììµëë€. ë³ë¹ë ê²ì ë³ ë±ì íí ‘ìŒìì ìŽê³ ê²œë¯ží’ ë¶ìì©ìŒë¡ ì€ëª ë©ëë€. ì¬ê°í ìêž° ê±Žê° ë¬žì ë¡ ìŽìŽì§ì§ ìëë€ê³ ì¬ê²šì§ë 겜í¥ìŽ ìì£ . íì§ë§, ìêž°ì ë¶ížê°ì ê²°ìœ ê²œë¯žíë€ê³ 볌 ì ììµëë€.
ì ì§ž, ‘몚ë ê²ì ë€ ì늎 ì ì뀒ë ë ŒëŠ¬ë¥Œ ëŽìžì°êž°ë í©ëë€. ë묎 ë§ì ì 볎륌 ì ê³µí멎 볎ížìë€ìŽ íŒëì€ë¬ìíê±°ë íìì ìž ììì ì췚륌 꺌늎 ì ìë€ë ë ŒëŠ¬ë¡ ì 볎 ì ê³µì ì ííêž°ë í©ëë€. ì ê° ì묎늬 ìŽíŽíë € íŽë ëë¬Žì§ ìŽíŽê° ëì§ ìë ê² ì€ íëê° ìŽ ì£Œì¥ì ëë€. ì¬ë¬ë¶ì ìŽë ì ì§ ëªšë¥Žê² ìµëë€.
ë·ì§ž, ì ê³ì ë¡ë¹ì ìí¥ë ¥ìŽ ë§ê°í©ëë€. ì°ší **[ììž íìŽëšž ë Œë¬ž ì¡°ì ì¬ë¡]**ìì ë€ë£° ìì ìž ê²ì²ëŒ, ë¶ì ì ê³ì ë¡ë¹ì ì°êµ¬ ìêž ì§ìì ìë£ íí ë° ì 묞ê°ë€ì ê¶ê³ ì ìê² ëªšë¥Žê² ìí¥ì ë¯žì¹ ì ììµëë€. ‘ìêž°ë€ì ë¹íë¥ ìŽ ë®ìì¡ë€’ë ê²°ê³Œê° êžì ì ì§íë¡ ì¬ì©ë ìë ììµëë€. íì§ë§, ëìì ê·ž ìŽë©Žì ë€ë¥ž ë¶ìì©ìŽë ìµì íëì§ ìì ë¶ë¶ìŽ ìšê²šì§ ì ììµëë€.
ê²°êµ, ì 묞ê°ì ìë¹ìì ì ì¥ìŽ ë€ë¥Žê³ , ê·žë€ ê°ì ì 볎 ê²©ì°šê° ë§€ì° íœëë€. ê·žë êž° ë묞ì **’ê·žë€ë§ì 늬귞’**ê° ì¡Žì¬íë ê²ì ëë€.
ë§ë¬ŽëЬíë©°: ëëì§ ìì ëŒìŽí 믞ì
ë¶ì ê° ëªšì ê° ë¶ì¡±íê±°ë ìë ìêž°ìê² **’ìëª ì€’**ìŽ ë ì ìë€ë ì¬ì€ìë ë§ì ìŽë€ìŽ ì견ì ê°ìŽí©ëë€. íì§ë§ ê·ž ‘ìëª ì€’ìŽ ì ìµì ì ííê° ìëë©°, ê·ž íê³ì ë¶ìì©ì ëí ì ë³Žê° ìŽë€ ìŽì ë¡ í¬ëª íê² ì ë¬ëì§ ìëê°ì ëí ì§ë¬žì ì°ëЬ ì¬íê° íìŽìŒ í ê°ì¥ ì€ìí 곌ì ì€ íëì ëë€.
ìŽê²ì ì ìžììì ê°ì¥ ìŽë €ìŽ ê³Œì ì€ íëìŽêž°ë í©ëë€. ìŽì©ë©Ž 1996ë
ì ììë ìí <Mission: Impossible>ì²ëŒ ë§ìŽì£ . ì êž°íê²ë ìŽ ìíê° ì²ì ê°ëŽë íŽì ì 곌ì ê° ììë ìì ìŽ ê²¹ì¹ë€ë ì¬ì€ìŽ ë ë§ìì ëšìµëë€. ìí ì 죌ìžê³µì²ëŒ ì ìì ìœê² ëëŒ ì ìë ì묎륌 ì§ëê²ëìê³ , ë¹ë¡ ìíë ì¬íŽ 8ížì ëìŒë¡ ë§ì§ë§ ì늬ìŠë¥Œ ìê³ íì§ë§, ì ì ëŒìŽí 믞ì
ì ìì§ë ê³ìëê³ ììµëë€.
êŽê° íë ìë ì ì¬ë ì°ëšŒ ìŒ(One Old Woman Show)ìŒì§ëŒë, ìŽ ìŒë ê³ìë ê²ì ëë€.
“The show must go on.” – íë ë ëšží늬ì Queen, ììŽìŠë¡ 죜ìì ìë 묎ë. ê·žë€ì ìê³ íšê³Œ ìŽì ì ë®ê³ ì¶ìµëë€.
ë€ìíž ìê³ :
“ì 몚ì 륌 ëš¹ìŽê³ ììŽì.” “ì ìì ì§êµ¬ë¥Œ íµíŽ, 100% íì§ ì²ì ì§ì ìì êŽëЬ ìµìì ìëíë©° ìì°ë ë¶ì 륌 ìêž°ìê² ì£Œê³ ììŽì.” “ì°ëЬ ì ë€ì ìŽë¯ž ë¶ì ëš¹ì êž°ê°ì ì§ëž ì±ë ìŽìì.” “ììŽê³ ì ëì! í 200ë ìŽë € ìì íë 볎군ì?” “ë¹ì ìŽ ë§ì¹ ëª¹ìž ìŽê°ê³µìíìŽëŒ ë¶ë¥Žë ë¶ì , ëí믌êµìì 2010ë BPA-Freeë ëë íêž° ì , ìííë€ë 깡íµì ë ë¶ì , íëŒì€í± íµì ë£ìŽ ëš¹ì¬ í€ì ìŽë ì°ëЬ ì§ ì ë€ì ìë§ ìëëë° ë ìëŠ¬ì£ ?”
ëŽê° ë¶ì 륌 ëš¹ìŽì§ ìëë€ê³ , ì°ëЬ ì§ ììŽë€ìŽ ë¶ì 륌 ëš¹ì ëìŽê° ì§ë¬ë€ê³ , ë ì§§ê³ êµµê² ë± 100ë ë§ ìŽ ìì ìŽë ê±±ì ë§ëŒê³ , ê·žëŒ ë§ì¬ ì€ìŒìŽìŒê¹ì?
ì§êžê¹ì§, ë¶ì ì íììŽ âì¬ëâìì ì¶ë°íìì§ëŒë, ìê°ìŽ ì§ëë©° ê·žê²ìŽ ìŽë»ê² ì°ì ì ëêµ¬ê° ëìëì§ ì°ëЬë ìŽíŽë³Žììµëë€.
ë€ì ížììë, ë¯žêµ ëŽìž ì 묞ê°ë€ ì¬ìŽìì ‘ëë²ì ìŽëž(Evil) êž°ì ’ìŒë¡ ì§ëª©ëë 몬ì°í / ë°ìŽì 볎ë€ë í ì ìëì§ë§, ë¶ì ì ììì ìììì ê¹ì ìí¹ì ë¶ë¬ìš ë íëì êž°ì , ì€ë¯žëœ/ìë²íž(Similac/Abbott)ì ìŽìŒêž°ë¥Œ ìŽìŽê°ê² ìµëë€.
ð¶ Baby Formula: “Lifeline” or “Rotten Rope”?
Baby formula is often considered an essential ‘lifeline’ for infants. But is it truly so? This article delves into the history of baby formula and profoundly examines the ingredients of modern formula and its hidden controversies. We’ll explore together whether formula is a ‘lifeline’ for babies or a ‘rotten rope’ that needs to be cut. We hope this in-depth analysis helps you make crucial decisions regarding infant health.
The Birth of the World’s First Baby Formula: Germany, 1867
In 1867, German chemist Justus von Liebig developed âLiebig’s Perfect Infant Foodâ. This marked the beginning of the world’s first commercial baby formula. Initially, its main ingredients were flour, milk, malt flour, and potassium bicarbonate. At the time, it was introduced as a nutritional supplement for breastfeeding.
Subsequently, in 1869, a similar product, âLeibigâs Soluble Infant Food,â appeared in the United States. Furthermore, in the 1870s, Swiss Nestlé introduced âNestléâs Infant Foodâ. This was the first ‘complete artificial formula’ made solely from ‘milk and cereals’. You can find related information in TIME Magazine and Contemporary Pediatrics Journal.
1867 Formula Ingredients and Agricultural Environment: Past vs. Present
In 1867, the primary ingredient in baby formula was likely ‘raw milk’. At that time, pasteurization technology was not widely used. Although Louis Pasteur developed the technique, its application to dairy products became widespread only after the 1880s. Therefore, the milk in Liebig’s formula would have been a processed form of raw milk.
19th-Century Formula Ingredients: Raw Milk and Skim Milk Powder
Some records mention the use of skim milk powder. This would have been milk with fat separated and then powdered. Currently, in Korea, only pasteurized or sterilized milk is distributed. However, in some parts of Europe and the the United States, consumers can still purchase raw milk to ensure consumer choice. We will cover this in more detail in [History of Raw Milk Choice].
19th-Century Agricultural Environment: Freedom from Chemical Pollution
What about flour and malt? At that time, the concept of ‘organic’ didn’t exist. Nevertheless, the agricultural environment differed from today’s chemical-contaminated practices.
Chemical Pesticides: The widespread use of modern chemical pesticides gained momentum from the late 19th to the 20th century. In the 1860s, some insecticides were used, but their application was very limited. Thus, it was highly unlikely that synthetic pesticides were extensively used on flour or malt.
Chemical Fertilizers: Chemical fertilizers were developed starting in the early 19th century. In the 1860s, industrial production of potassium fertilizers began in Germany. However, mass production of nitrogen fertilizers became possible only after the Haber-Bosch process in the early 20th century. At the time, some inorganic fertilizers might have been used alongside organic ones. Yet, it wasn’t on the scale of today’s pollution. Instead, the role of chemical fertilizers was a subject of debate.
GMO Crops: Genetically modified (GM) crops were developed in the late 20th century with advancements in DNA technology. For instance, the first GM bacteria were developed in 1973. In 1867, the concept of GMO crops didn’t even exist.
In conclusion, the milk in Liebig’s baby formula would have been a processed form of raw milk. Furthermore, the flour and malt, although not organically certified, would have been grains unaffected by modern chemical pesticides or GMOs. Agriculture at that time was much closer to nature than it is today.
The Evolution of American Baby Formula into an ‘Ultra-Processed Food’
From the late 19th to the mid-20th century, American baby formula underwent significant changes. First, in 1853, Gail Borden developed condensed milk. This laid the groundwork for the commercialization of milk products with long shelf lives. You can find this information through Early Learning Nation Foundation research.
In 1928, Alfred Bosworth launched Similac. Then, in 1959, Mead Johnson introduced Enfamil, establishing its place in the market. These developments are discussed in detail in reports like As You Sow corporate reports.
Early Formula and Industrialization: The Dawn of ‘Ultra-Processed Foods’
Food manufacturers claim that baby formula significantly improved nutritionally between the 1940s and 1960s. Notably, advancements in iron fortification, whey protein enrichment, fat blending, and development into dehydrated dairy forms were crucial. Let’s analyze in detail how these changes impacted infant health.
Gail Borden’s development of condensed milk in 1853 was a significant turning point in the industrialization of dairy products. The greatest significance of condensed milk development was its ‘preservation innovation’.
Borden removed water from milk under vacuum, which allowed milk to be safely stored and supplied even without refrigeration, especially in urban areas or as military rations during wartime. However, the role of baby formula as a ‘military ration’ should not be equated with its role as a lifeline for infants who need breast milk.
The beginning of processed foods is closely linked to war. We’ll explain this in more detail in [War and the Food Industry Relationship]. Condensed milk was one of the first mass-produced dairy products artificially processed, deviating from the natural state of raw milk. This spurred the development of powdered formula. Ultimately, it became the foundation for accelerating the processing of the entire food industry.
The Need for Nutritional Fortification: The Shadow of Ultra-Processed Foods
Ultimately, this wide opened ‘the door to ultra-processed foods’. Raw milk naturally provides sufficient nutrients for calves. However, processing can alter or deplete its natural composition. While condensed milk had high concentrations of certain nutrients, feeding it directly to infants could result in excessively high sugar content or deficiencies in other nutrients.
Against this backdrop, the need for nutritional fortification emerged. Mass-produced and long-lasting baby formula struggled to contain all the micronutrients and bioactive substances found in breast milk or raw milk.
Therefore, from the mid-20th century, particularly after the 1950s, attempts to bolster the nutritional completeness of baby formula by adding artificial nutrients (iron, vitamins, minerals, etc.) became widespread. For instance, Similac first introduced iron-fortified formula in 1959 to address infant anemia.
In summary, Gail Borden’s development of condensed milk opened a crucial industrialization phase for processing foods for mass production and distribution, long before the term ‘ultra-processed food’ even existed. This ultimately laid the groundwork for the necessity of artificial nutritional fortification in baby formula.
1959 Similac Inorganic Iron-Fortified Formula and the Truth of Modern Science
1. Iron Form Used in 1959 Similac Iron-Fortified Formula
When Similac first introduced iron-fortified formula in 1959, the primary form of iron used was inorganic iron, such as Ferrous Sulfate. While verifying the exact ingredient list from that time is difficult, Ferrous Sulfate was the most common iron salt used in food fortification after the mid-20th century.
Ferrous Sulfate was widely adopted due to its low cost. However, it also had the drawback of potentially causing digestive discomforts like constipation or gastrointestinal upset.
2. Understanding Scientific Knowledge Then vs. Now
2-1. Understanding Scientific Knowledge (1950s)
Even in the 1950s, the importance of iron and iron deficiency anemia was well-known. However, the understanding of the difference in absorption rates between plant-based iron (non-heme iron) and animal-based iron (heme iron) was far less comprehensive than it is today. Furthermore, there was an inadequate deep understanding of whether infants’ underdeveloped digestive and metabolic systems processed these two forms of iron differently.
Heme Iron vs. Non-Heme Iron Distinction: Heme iron is abundant primarily in animal-based foods like meat and fish and has a high absorption rate (15-35%). In contrast, non-heme iron is found in plant-based foods such as legumes, leafy green vegetables, and grains, and its absorption rate is lower (2-20%). Moreover, non-heme iron’s absorption can be hindered by other food components like phytic acid, polyphenols, and calcium. The differences in heme and non-heme iron absorption mechanisms were clearly elucidated starting in the late 20th century.
Infant Metabolic Specificity: Infants, especially premature or low-birth-weight babies, have digestive systems that differ from adults. Their ability to absorb and regulate iron is immature. At the time, there was low awareness of the potential risks of excessive non-heme iron supply due to these subtle physiological differences. Consequently, a simplistic quantitative approach, “more is better,” was predominant.
2-2. The Truth Revealed by Today’s Latest Research and Data
Current science has a much clearer understanding of not only the absorption mechanisms of heme and non-heme iron but also their effects on infants.
Complexity of Iron Absorption: According to recent studies, infant iron absorption is not solely determined by the amount of iron. It’s complexly regulated by various factors, including the form of iron, non-heme iron absorption-promoting components like Vitamin C, and the infant’s iron status. Specifically, an infant’s gut is more immature than an adult’s, and its ability to regulate the absorption and excretion of certain nutrients may not be perfect.
Risks of Excessive Non-Heme Iron Supply:
Oxidative Stress: When non-heme iron is supplied in excess, it can induce oxidative stress in the gut. Iron can act as a powerful pro-oxidant. Therefore, excessive non-heme iron can damage intestinal cells or lead to an imbalance in the gut microbiota. This can result in increased inflammation, diarrhea, and other gastrointestinal problems (PMC, “Excess iron intake…”, 2017).
Interactions with Other Trace Elements: Excessive iron can interfere with the absorption of other essential trace elements like zinc and copper. This can negatively impact growth and immune function (PMC, 2017 paper).
Potential for Growth and Developmental Impairment: Some studies suggest that supplying excessive inorganic iron to infants who are not iron deficient may lead to growth delays or negative impacts on cognitive and motor development (PMC, 2017 paper).
This may be related to the infant’s immature iron homeostasis regulation ability. Moreover, inorganic iron-fortified formula or ultra-processed foods like cereals can be linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, contributing to mental and metabolic problems in children worldwide. Furthermore, when glyphosate is added to this, the suffering of mitochondria intensifies.
The Truth About Formula Anemia: Did Doctors Really Not Know?
In conclusion, doctors and scientists at the time were not entirely unaware of the causes of infant anemia. In fact, Similac launched iron-fortified formula precisely because they recognized that anemia was a common problem in formula-fed babies.
Peculiarities of American Dairy Farming: Holstein Breed and A1 Beta-Casein
However, a very small number of experts also understood that this was not merely an iron problem. It was an inevitable consequence of the U.S. choice of cattle breeds, factory farming methods, and the prohibition of raw milk.
Unlike the advanced dairy industry in Europe, the U.S. focused on intensively breeding the Holstein cattle, which originated from a natural mutation in Europe approximately 5,000-8,000 years ago, leading to high milk production.
This breed is highly efficient in milk production, bringing significant profits to producers. However, the casein of this Holstein breed is A1 beta-casein. Unfortunately, this A1 beta-casein is directly incorporated not only into milk but also into baby formula, a lifeline for infants.
Studying A1 vs. A2 beta-casein is crucial for a healthy diet, including infant health, adolescents, and the elderly. Not all milk and cheese are the protein and calcium powerhouses that nutritionists often describe. As you continue to learn with me, you’ll be able to decide for yourself which milk and cheese to choose.
In Korea, 99% of dairy cows are Holsteins. Of course, this breed is excellent in milk production, bringing significant profits to businesses. However, the protein of this Holstein breed carries the A1 genetic trait. And unfortunately, this A1 beta-casein is directly incorporated not only into milk but also into baby formula, a lifeline for infants.
The purpose of a company is profit. The greater and clearer consumer demand becomes, the more producers identify market opportunities and invest, leading to change. Consumers might simply be entities that make choices. However, discerning consumers are “agents of change in the world.”
I will explain A2 milk available in Korea in a separate chapter.
US Raw Milk Ban and Changes in Formula Manufacturing
The point at which raw milk distribution was banned in the United States was 1908. Specifically, the city of Chicago was the first in the U.S. to prohibit the sale of raw milk and permit only pasteurized milk. Subsequently, laws mandating pasteurized milk spread nationwide in the 1920s and 1930s.
The U.S. federal government began promoting nationwide bans or strict regulations on raw milk distribution from the late 1940s onwards, as a public health measure.
Therefore, the milk used in baby formula manufacturing in the U.S. in the 1950s was 100% pasteurized or high-temperature short-time (HTST) processed milk. In conclusion, raw milk could not have been used in Similac formula marketed in 1959. It is logically and politically clear that milk processed at least once with high-temperature pasteurization was used.
During high-temperature pasteurization (UHT, HTST), milk proteins are partially or completely denatured. Baby formula made from such denatured milk proteins is likely to have reduced nutritional bioavailability. Specifically, the absorption rate of minerals like iron, calcium, and zinc decreases.
It’s highly probable that proteins already damaged once by pasteurization/sterilization underwent a second heat denaturation during the formula manufacturing process (e.g., spray drying).
Most baby formulas other than Similac were likely low-nutritional-quality, double-heated formulas. This is why reports related to reduced bioavailability of micronutrients flooded in subsequently.
Early Similac Reports and Iron/Mineral Issues (1960-70s)
From the 1960s to the early 1970s, cases of anemia, iron deficiency, zinc deficiency, and growth retardation were reported in infants using Similac. One of the causes identified was reduced absorption rates of heat-denatured proteins and minerals. Consequently, Similac subsequently launched improved products, including iron-fortified formula, additional zinc, and enhanced linoleic acid and DHA.
Complex Causes of Infant Anemia in the 1950s
Let’s focus on why babies fed baby formula in the 1950s suffered from anemia.
First, the iron content of original formula was low. Early baby formula, before artificial iron fortification, had lower iron content than breast milk or regular milk.
Second, iron absorption was lower compared to breast milk. Although the amount of iron in breast milk is small, its absorption rate is very high (about 50%) due to special components like lactoferrin. In contrast, the non-heme iron used in inorganic iron-fortified formula at the time had a much lower absorption rate (estimated at 3-4%).
Third, early weaning and inappropriate complementary feeding practices exacerbated anemia. At the time, infants were often introduced to difficult-to-digest regular pasteurized or sterilized milk too early, or complementary foods focused on grains that were low in iron.
Specifically, pasteurized or sterilized milk from Holstein cows with the A1 protein genotype can not only have low iron content but also induce microscopic blood loss in an infant’s intestines, further worsening anemia (MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia).
Fourth, depletion of iron stores was also crucial. Infants consume iron stores received from their mothers at birth (maintained for about 4-6 months after birth) and then need to supplement iron from external food. If they don’t receive enough iron from baby formula or complementary foods, they become vulnerable to anemia.
The Truth Scientists Missed Then: Subtle Effects of Micronutrients
What did doctors and scientists at the time not know (or not fully understand)?
Lack of Deep Understanding of Heme vs. Non-Heme Iron Absorption Differences: In-depth research results on the fundamental bioavailability differences between these two and the specificities of infant metabolism only began to accumulate in the late 20th century. Before that, there was a tendency to approach ‘iron’ as a single concept.
Potential Side Effects of Excessive Inorganic Iron: While the risks of iron deficiency were recognized, data on the potential negative effects of unnecessary excessive inorganic iron supply on infant gut health, microbiota, absorption of other trace elements, and even development were very limited. Consequently, the prevailing notion was that since iron is an essential nutrient, ‘the more, the better’.
Complex Protective Mechanisms of Breast Milk: The understanding that breast milk is not merely a source of nutrition but also contains complex bioactive components (like lactoferrin) that protect the infant’s immature digestive and immune systems and optimize iron absorption was limited. Therefore, baby formula struggled to mimic these complex protective mechanisms.
In conclusion, scientists in the 1950s did their best to address infant anemia given the knowledge of their time. However, their knowledge was relatively early-stage compared to the vast information accumulated by modern nutrition and physiology. Specifically, their understanding of the subtle metabolic processes of micronutrients and the potential risks of excessive inorganic iron supply was limited.
2025 Formula’s Inorganic Iron: A Loss of Common Sense?
1. So, What Are the Iron Ingredients in Our Babies’ Formula Today?
Today, most commercial infant formulas are sold as iron-fortified. Since Similac’s first attempt in 1959, iron fortification has become a global standard for preventing infant iron deficiency anemia. And the form of iron used in baby formula today remains inorganic iron.
The following compounds are commonly used:
Ferrous Sulfate: This is the most commonly used form. It is inexpensive and has a relatively high bioavailability compared to other inorganic iron forms. However, it can cause gastrointestinal upset such as constipation, nausea, and black stools.
Ferrous Gluconate: This is known to cause less gastrointestinal upset than ferrous sulfate and is sometimes used in some baby formulas.
Ferrous Fumarate: This form is relatively stable and has a high iron content.
Elemental Iron: This is a pure iron form, sometimes used in specific manufacturing processes.
Most infant formulas are formulated to contain 4-12 mg of inorganic iron per liter. This is to meet the iron intake needs of infants after 4-6 months of age. Therefore, major organizations such as the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) continue to recommend the use of inorganic iron-fortified formula.
Ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, ferrous fumarate, and elemental iron are widely used not only in baby formula but also in adult iron supplements. These are all inorganic iron (non-heme iron) and, when consumed in excess, can cause intestinal inflammation, reduced absorption, and oxidative stress.
And unfortunately, these inorganic iron preparations, such as ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, and ferrous fumarate, are still manufactured as pharmaceuticals and prescribed by doctors to patients with anemia or iron deficiency.
This is primarily due to cost, insurance coverage, existing practices, and a conservative clinical environment, and the risks highlighted by recent studies or better alternatives (e.g., heme iron, amino acid chelated iron) are not yet sufficiently reflected in medical practice.
2. Criticism that ‘Plant-Derived Inorganic Iron is Not Helpful’ and AAP’s Response
Modern nutrition clearly recognizes that the absorption rate of non-heme iron (including plant-derived inorganic iron) is significantly lower than that of heme iron. Furthermore, it is well known that there can be potential side effects with excessive supply.
Despite this criticism, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) continues to recommend inorganic iron-based iron-fortified formula for several complex reasons. (The Korean Pediatric Society adopts the guidelines of the U.S. and Europe.)
First, it’s due to practicality and cost-effectiveness. Heme iron has a high absorption rate but is very expensive to produce and has limitations as an animal-derived ingredient. Therefore, using heme iron in mass-produced baby formula is currently difficult economically and practically.
In contrast, inorganic iron like ferrous sulfate is very cheap and easy to mass-produce and supply. Given the need for stable supply in baby formula, cost-effectiveness is an important consideration for manufacturers.
Moreover, inorganic iron excels in stability and ease of storage. Inorganic iron has superior oxidative stability compared to heme iron, making it advantageous for long-term storage and distribution. Furthermore, it causes fewer interaction problems with other nutrients in the baby formula manufacturing process.
Second, it’s a public health strategy of supplying ‘sufficient quantities’. The argument is that even if the absorption rate is low, adding a sufficient amount of inorganic iron to baby formula ensures that infants receive the minimum necessary iron intake. The AAP claims that this ‘fortification’ has shown practical effects in preventing anemia in various studies.
Third, ‘risk-benefit’ assessment is crucial. The AAP recognizes the potential risks of inorganic iron-fortified formula (e.g., oxidative stress or gut microbial imbalance due to excessive iron). Nevertheless, they tend to believe that preventing iron deficiency anemia, which can cause severe developmental delays and cognitive impairment, is a greater benefit.
However, there are numerous studies that demonstrate how out of touch these claims are with modern science.
Here are some of those papers:
[Karamantziani T. et al. (2024) Children (Basel) Systematic Review and Meta-analysis]: Oral iron supplementation in infants causes an approximate 10% reduction in beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacteria) and leads to gut dysbiosis. (Europe PMC, PubMed, MDPI, etc.)
[Paganini D. & Zimmermann MB (2017) Am J Clin Nutr for Infants and Children]: Iron supplementation (MNPs/iron preparations) increases the incidence of diarrhea and enteritis, reduces beneficial gut bacteria, and promotes pathogen proliferation and inflammation. (arXiv, PubMed, ResearchGate, etc.)
[Finlayson-Trick EC et al. (2020) Gastrointestinal Disorders Review]: Iron supplementation increases intestinal oxidative stress and promotes pathogenic bacterial growth due to low absorption. Consequently, there is a concern for increased pediatric inflammatory diseases and infections. (PMC, MDPI, Frontiers, etc.)
[Preterm Infant Study (Preliminary, University of Nebraska) Tracking 14 premature infants]: After initial iron administration, an overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria like E. coli and increased ROS were observed. (PubMed, MDPI, American Chemical Society Publications, etc.)
“Potential adverse effects of iron supplementation in developing countries” (Journal of Nutrition, 2007): Raises concerns about the side effects of excessive iron, particularly discussing the risks of over-supplying iron to children who are not iron deficient.
Formula: ‘Not a Medicine’, but ‘Beyond an Ultra-Processed Food’?
The classification of baby formula as a ‘food’ rather than a ‘medicine’ creates regulatory loopholes. As it falls under a similar regulatory system to protein powders or some health supplements, it raises the following issues:
Limits of Safety Verification and Hidden Harmful Substances
Firstly, there are clear limitations in safety verification. Pharmaceutical products must undergo strict clinical trials and meet GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) standards before release.
However, baby formula, adhering to food standards, is not subject to such rigorous verification. A major concern is the inadequate testing for residual pesticides like glyphosate, microplastics, PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances), and other new harmful substances.
Supporting Data: According to a Nongmin Shinmun report in May 2025, glyphosate is either missing from or, more accurately, included in the inspection list for imported agricultural products (including formula ingredients) by the Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, but is not actually being tested.
EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) regularly monitors glyphosate in infant foods in the EU. However, domestic verification for products exported to Korea remains opaque.
Lack of Ingredient Transparency and Criticism of the ‘GRAS’ Concept
Secondly, there is a lack of ingredient transparency. There’s a strong reliance on manufacturers’ ‘pure declarations’. As a result, consumers find it difficult to obtain transparent information on product origin, processing methods, and all additives. In particular, concepts like ‘Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS)’ are often criticized as they depend heavily on the manufacturer’s self-assessment.
A Baby’s Life on the Line: Is it a ‘Lifeline’ or a ‘Rotten Rope’?
Baby formula is inherently an Ultra-Processed Food (UPF), highly processed to substitute breast milk. It undergoes complex manufacturing processes and includes various additives (artificial vitamins, minerals, emulsifiers, stabilizers, etc.), making it far removed from natural foods.
The Illusion of ‘BPA-free’ and the Risks of Plastic Containers
Often, “BPA-free” labeled baby bottles and plastic containers are considered safe, but the labeling itself can be another illusion.
Many products, like formula, appear to be in aluminum cans, but their interiors are coated with BPA-free plastic. This ultra-processed formula is then stored for long periods in these containers.
Ultimately, babies are in a system where they consume ultra-processed formula from seemingly metal containers, which are, in fact, “BPA-free-unreliable plastic,” via plastic bottles and nipples. This leads to a precarious tightrope walk of micro/nanoplastic exposure.
In short, the problem with processed foods isn’t just their contents. The packaging, especially marketing labels like “BPA-free,” is merely an illusion and a claim by manufacturers, not a scientific standard guaranteeing safety.
In fact, numerous studies published since 2015 indicate that some alternative bisphenols used as BPA substitutes, such as BPF, BPS, and BPB, are equally or even more dangerous than BPA in causing hormone disruption, liver dysfunction, and nervous system disorders.
Consequently, developed European countries are including these in their regulatory scope. France has completely banned BPA-containing cans and is progressively banning BPS and BPF as well.
The ‘Era of Lost Common Sense’: Where Are We Headed Now?
2025, Unanswered Questions Persist
Currently, in 2025, scientific and nutritional knowledge has advanced far beyond what was available in the 1950s. So why is inorganic iron still used in baby formula, and why isn’t sufficient information about its potential side effects adequately communicated to baby caregivers?
Furthermore, why does the practice of distributing essential food for infant healthâprecious mealsâin plastic containers continue, or even expand? Who are those in South Korea who, under the lenient “BPA-Free” law, open our wallets for products containing BPA substitutes that other countries prohibit for their own citizens?
It’s disheartening, but this isn’t simply a matter of wasted money or ‘ignorance’. Rather, it’s a complex issue intertwined with economic, industrial, and systemic factors. It is, quite literally, the ‘Era of Lost Common Sense,’ an ‘Era where Shamelessness Prevails.’
Knowing all these facts, would they truly buy such baby formula for their own children and feed it to them in plastic bottles labeled âBPA-freeâ with a false sense of security? When their children grow a bit older, would they pull out instant rice cooked with special methods that lasts for six months, claiming “slow aging is better the sooner it starts, and protein is paramount”?
Locally grown rice without organic certification, glyphosate that’s on the inspection list but mostly unchecked, and lentils grown in distant lands and arriving in cansâall this might be heated in a microwave with the plastic lid opened before being served on the table.
Is that a peaceful daily life, or practice for eating military rations? However, that’s not an area I can intervene in. Because from that moment on, it’s not a matter of science or information; it’s a belief system.
We are done lamenting this “Era of Lost Common Sense.” It’s time to turn lament into resolve. We can change it. No, we must change it now. If you’ve ever, due to lack of information or lack of parent education, believed you were feeding your child something goodâlike milk from cows raised on GMO crops and glyphosate, sterilized A1 protein milk, processed with special methods into formulaâwithout knowing about “inorganic iron” or other artificial nutrients, merely relying on figures on the formula can, believing it to be beneficial for infant healthâ
Now is the time for change. You didn’t know then, but now you doâso from now on, translate common sense into action.
Knowing all this, would you still buy the same baby formula for your grandchildren that you once fed your children?
Would you truly feel at ease feeding it daily in a plastic bottle labeled ‘BPA-free’?
If your grown children say, “I can’t help it, I’m busy,” and buy large quantities of instant rice that lasts six months, claiming it’s for “slow aging diets” because they heard and saw it somewhere, would you just watch?
As grandparents, would you really chase after the illusion of slow aging by relying on instant rice, protein bars, and protein powder for your daily meals, instead of preparing a proper table, just to live an easy old age?
It’s simply not right to pass on polluted land, water, and air to our grandchildrenâpollution that they will never finish cleaning upâinstead of wealth that would last them a lifetime.
Hold your baby’s tiny hand tightly. Until now, we didn’t know, and we had no choice but to pass on such things to our babies. But if we know now and still look away or repeat the same actions…
ISCC Plus Certification: Is it for Human Health?
Is ISCC Plus an certification that evaluates the harm of human health or endocrine disrupting substances?
The answer is, unequivocally, no. ISCC Plus (International Sustainability and Carbon Certification Plus) is an international non-profit certification body headquartered in Germany. It verifies supply chain transparency, sustainability, and carbon footprint reduction when using biomass-based plastics or recyclable resources.
However, it does not evaluate human exposure, toxicity testing, effects on gut microbiota, or fetal health during pregnancy regarding Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs).
Therefore, receiving ISCC Plus certification absolutely does not mean ‘it’s harmless to humans’ or ‘it’s safe for pregnant women or infants’.
The Illusion of ‘25% Carbon Footprint Reduction’
The figure of “25% carbon footprint reduction” typically means that greenhouse gas emissions from plastic production, transportation, and disposal processes have been reduced by a certain amount compared to existing levels.
However, the total environmental or health impact of the entire instant rice system (including plastic production, content processing, sealing, microwave heating, and distribution network) is only improved by 25% of the total 100%, with the remaining 75% still posing a substantial challenge.
An approach that only reduces the carbon footprint cannot truly transform into an ‘environmentally healthy diet’ or a ‘slow aging diet’.
Furthermore, instant rice itself qualifies as an ultra-processed food, and presents various risk factors:
- Unnatural packaging (plastic)
- Unlabeled antioxidants, lubricants, coatings
- Concerns about glyphosate residue
- Destroyed starch structure and rapid blood sugar spike
- Release of trace amounts of microplastics or volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
These factors can lead to accelerated aging instead of delayed aging, metabolic diseases, endocrine disruption, etc., making it truly awkward to categorize them as a ‘slow aging diet’.
Summary of ISCC Plus and Instant Rice
In summary, ISCC Plus certification focuses only on ‘some aspects of environmental sustainability (carbon neutrality)’ and does not include human health, potential for endocrine disruption, or long-term safety assessments. Therefore, instant rice contained in such plastic containers cannot be called a ‘slow aging diet’.
Ultimately, to genuinely reduce the carbon footprint, the most fundamental solution is to reduce the consumption of ultra-processed foods, including instant rice, itself.
Reference: Understanding Starch and Glycemic Response
1. Starch Structure and Digestion Rate Change: Native Starch vs. Gelatinized vs. Retrograded
Freshly cooked rice at home contains ‘gelatinized starch’, but instant rice undergoes complex processes of reheating, drying, packaging, and reheating again, which destroys the starch structure.
Starch gelatinizes during cooking, and the subsequent cooling to reheating process induces starch retrogradation. However, in instant rice or reheated rice, resistant starch decreases, and rapidly digestible starch (RDS) increases. This is why it rapidly raises blood sugar.
2. Scientific Research Basis
(1) Glycemic Index (GI) Research
(2) Starch Structure Change Research ([FAO/WHO], 1998)
âStarches subjected to processing such as high-heat or pressure cooking, drying, and rehydration tend to show increased glycemic responses due to altered granule structures.â
Meaning: Starches that undergo high heat, drying, and rehydration show increased glycemic responses.
(3) Study on Glycemic Index Change in Industrialized Foods (2015, [British Journal of Nutrition])
Instant foods were found to have faster digestibility and higher blood sugar spikes than before cooking.
3. Summary of Structural Reasons Why Instant Rice Raises Blood Sugar More
Category | Structure | Digestion Speed | Blood Sugar Response |
Freshly Cooked Rice | Starch is gelatinized; some resistant starch is present. | Medium | Normal |
Instant Rice (Reheated) | Repeated heating and packaging breaks down starch easily. | Fast | High |
4. Discrepancy in Perception within Korean Healthcare
In Korea, instant rice is often still equated with regular rice or marketed as a healthier option, implying greater hygiene. However, this differs from the international food science understanding of GI research and starch changes.
Instant rice is not simply ‘more hygienic’ or ‘convenient’ than freshly cooked rice. Its altered starch structure can raise blood sugar more rapidly, requiring caution, especially for patients with diabetes, metabolic syndrome, or insulin resistance. This fact has been repeatedly proven in dozens of international academic studies.
Information Insufficiency on Side Effects and ‘Their Own League’
Returning to the topic of inorganic iron in baby formula. The insufficient communication to caregivers about the potential side effects of inorganic iron â namely, constipation, gastrointestinal upset, gut microbial imbalance, and oxidative stress â is a very serious issue affecting infant health. This lack of information can occur for the following reasons:
First, information asymmetry exists. Medical professionals and manufacturers are aware of potential side effects through relevant research. However, actively informing consumers could negatively impact product sales.
Second, there’s a tendency to dismiss them as ‘minor side effects’. Constipation or black stools are often described as ‘temporary and mild’ side effects. There’s a tendency to believe they won’t lead to serious infant health problems. However, discomfort in an infant can never be considered minor.
Third, they may argue, ‘we can’t disclose everything’. Information provision is sometimes restricted with the argument that providing too much information might confuse caregivers or deter them from essential nutrient intake. This is one of the claims I find utterly incomprehensible, no matter how hard I try to understand. I wonder what you think.
Fourth, industry lobbying and influence are powerful. As we will discuss later in [Alzheimer’s Paper Fabrication Cases], lobbying and research funding from the baby formula industry can subtly influence the recommendations of medical associations and experts.
While a reduction in ‘infant anemia rates’ is certainly used as a positive indicator, other side effects or suboptimal aspects might be hidden beneath the surface.
Ultimately, the perspectives of experts and consumers differ, and the information gap between them is very significant. This is precisely why ‘their own league’ exists.
Conclusion: The Unfinished Life Mission
Many agree that baby formula can be a ‘lifeline’ for infants when breast milk is insufficient or unavailable. However, the question of why this ‘lifeline’ is still not in its optimal form, and why information about its limitations and side effects is not transparently communicated, remains one of the most critical challenges our society must address.
This is also one of the most important challenges in my life. Perhaps like the movie
Even if it’s a One Old Woman Show with no audience, this show must go on. “The show must go on.” – Freddie Mercury and Queen, on stage facing death from AIDS. I want to emulate their nobility and passion.
Next Episode Preview: Beyond “Lifeline” and “Rotten Rope”
“I’m breastfeeding.”
“I’m importing directly and giving my baby formula produced with optimal safety management in a 100% pristine local area.”
“My kids are already adults past the formula-feeding stage.” “Oh, such a fuss! Are you planning to live 200 years?”
“You call baby formula a terrible ultra-processed food, but my kids grew up just fine even when they drank formula from those supposedly dangerous cans and plastic containers before South Korea even talked about BPA-Free in 2010, so what are you talking about?”
If I don’t feed formula, if my kids are past the age for formula, if I’m only planning to live a short, intense 100 years, so don’t worryâwould that make everything okay?
Did I really talk so extensively about cows, milk, and baby formula just to discuss baby formula? So far, we’ve examined how the birth of baby formula, though perhaps rooted in ‘love,’ evolved into a tool of industry over time.
In the next installment, we will continue the story of Similac/Abbott, another company that has raised deep suspicions in the realms of formula and supplements, though perhaps a step below Monsanto/Bayer, which is often labeled the ‘number one evil’ corporation by experts both inside and outside the United States.
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